{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T03:48:48Z","timestamp":1776743328509,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although mitochondria are best known for being the eukaryotic cell powerhouses, these organelles participate in various cellular functions besides ATP production, such as calcium homoeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis. The aim of this review was to discuss the putative roles of mitochondria in mammalian sperm function and how they may relate to sperm quality and fertilisation ability, particularly in humans. Although paternal mitochondria are degraded inside the zygote, sperm mitochondrial functionality seems to be critical for fertilisation. Indeed, changes in mitochondrial integrity\/functionality, namely defects in mitochondrial ultrastructure or in the mitochondrial genome, transcriptome or proteome, as well as low mitochondrial membrane potential or altered oxygen consumption, have been correlated with loss of sperm function (particularly with decreased motility). Results from genetically engineered mouse models also confirmed this trend. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria derived ATP is not crucial for sperm motility and that glycolysis may be the main ATP supplier for this particular aspect of sperm function. However, there are contradictory data in the literature regarding sperm bioenergetics. The relevance of sperm mitochondria may thus be associated with their role in other physiological features, particularly with the production of ROS, which in controlled levels are needed for proper sperm function. Sperm mitochondria may also serve as intracellular Ca2+ stores, although their role in signalling is still unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-13-0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,30]],"date-time":"2013-07-30T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1375227878000},"page":"R163-R174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":465,"title":["Mitochondria functionality and sperm quality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Amaral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Human Genetics Research Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Human Genetics Research Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Human Genetics Research Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ramalho-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Human Genetics Research Group \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences \u00a0 CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 2 \u00a0 IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain 3 \u00a0 Clinic Hospital, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain and 4 \u00a0 University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712260296700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap059","article-title":"On the possible origins of DNA damage in human spermatozoa","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712260296700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.68","article-title":"Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa","volume":"13","author":"Aitken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"2026010712260296700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2007.00280.x","article-title":"Proteomic changes in mammalian spermatozoa during epididymal maturation","volume":"9","author":"Aitken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Journal of 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