{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:08:45Z","timestamp":1790510925067,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HSF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/b&gt; More than 3 decades have passed since the first heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) was reported. Nowadays, this surgical technique is used rarely, and only in patients who do not qualify for standard orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Current indications mainly comprise refractory pulmonary hypertension and a donor-recipient size mismatch (&gt;20%). The objective of this study was to analyze the United States experience with HHT.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;\/b&gt; The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database between 1987 and 2007 was analyzed. Patients who underwent heart transplantation were enrolled in this study. Patients with missing transplant dates or history of retransplantation were excluded.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 41,379 patients underwent OHT and 178 HHT; 32,361 and 111 patients, respectively, were enrolled. Overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival was significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt; &lt; .001) better in OHT (87.7%, 74.4%, 54.4%) than HHT patients (83.8%, 59%, 35.1%). Survival in patients with transpulmonary gradients (TPG) &gt;15 mmHg was 86.6 %, 73.3%, and 57.4% in the OHT and 93.8%, 64.8%, and 48.6% in the HHT group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt; = .35). Pretransplant criteria (HHT versus OHT) with statistically significant differences (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt; &lt; .05) were as follows (mean + SD): recipient weight, 78.9 + 19.9 versus 74.1 + 23.4 kg; recipient height, 174.9 + 13.9 versus 168 + 25.1 cm; and TPG 12.1 + 7.2 versus 9.6 + 6.3 mmHg.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/b&gt; The results show that HHT remains a feasible option in a highly selected patient population, with overall good results.&lt;\/p&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf98.2014328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T21:52:59Z","timestamp":1404769979000},"page":"132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heterotopic Heart Transplantation: The United States Experience"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jama","family":"Jahanyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Koerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghodsizad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Loebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Noon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062439","article-title":"Supraventricular tachycardia after heterotopic heart transplantation","volume":"9","author":"D. Alexopoulos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(02)00406-0","article-title":"Long-term results of cardiac transplantation from live donors: the domino heart transplant","volume":"21","author":"A. Anyanwu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1271","article-title":"The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town","volume":"41","author":"C. Barnard","year":"1967","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"4","first-page":"303","article-title":"Left ventricular bypass","volume":"49","author":"C. Barnard","year":"1975","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41191-4","article-title":"The advantage of heterotopic cardiac transplantation over orthotopic cardiac transplantation in the management of severe acute rejection","volume":"74","author":"C. Barnard","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"6","first-page":"309","article-title":"Heterotopic versus orthotopic heart transplantation","volume":"11","author":"C. Barnard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34129-7","article-title":"Comparative outcome of heart-lung and lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension","volume":"106","author":"A. Chapelier","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.02.078","article-title":"Successful heterotopic heart transplant after cardiopulmonary bypass rescue of an arrested donor heart","volume":"38","author":"K. Chiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"9","first-page":"300","article-title":"Are there indications for heterotopic heart transplantation in 1986? A 2- to 11-year follow-up of 49 consecutive patients undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation","volume":"34","author":"D. Cooper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10","first-page":"479","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation: current status in 1988","volume":"8","author":"M. Desruennes","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Heart Transplant"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.01.019","article-title":"Medically refractory pulmonary hypertension: treatment with nonpulsatile left ventricular assist devices","volume":"83","author":"C. Etz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","first-page":"90","article-title":"Cardiac transplant recipients with preoperative pulmonary hypertension. Evolution of pulmonary hemodynamics and surgical options","volume":"80","author":"A. Kawaguchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34273-4","article-title":"Factors affecting survival after heterotopic heart transplantation","volume":"98","author":"A. Kawaguchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"14","first-page":"159","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation: current indications for the procedure, with results in 10 patients","volume":"15","author":"W. Konertz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91025-Q","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation and native heart ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"51","author":"C. Kotliar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(90)90005-K","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation-a means to increase donor availability","volume":"4","author":"U. Livi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.07.044","article-title":"Regurgitation of the native aortic valve caused by thrombus formation after heterotopic heart transplantation","volume":"78","author":"O. Mangoush","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.01.052","article-title":"Implantable left ventricular assist device for treatment of pulmonary hypertension in candidates for orthotopic heart transplantation-a preliminary study","volume":"25","author":"J. Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03868-7","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation in a heterotopic heart transplant recipient","volume":"75","author":"D. McMullan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"20","first-page":"40","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation: a reliable option for a select group of high-risk patients","volume":"8","author":"T. Nakatani","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Heart Transplant"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.03.071","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation: an expanding role in the twenty-first century?","volume":"78","author":"A. Newcomb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"22","first-page":"287","article-title":"The value of recipient heart assistance during severe acute rejection following heterotopic cardiac transplantation","volume":"25","author":"D. Novitzky","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"23","first-page":"381","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation in 1988: recent selective indications and outcome","volume":"8","author":"H. Reichenspurner","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Heart Transplant"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91395-P","article-title":"Heterotopic heart transplantation and recipient heart operation in ischemic heart disease","volume":"54","author":"P. Ridley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012175","article-title":"Long-term mechanical left ventricular assistance for end-stage heart failure","volume":"345","author":"E. Rose","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.11.001","article-title":"Normalization of high pulmonary vascular resistance with LVAD support in heart transplantation candidates","volume":"27","author":"S. Salzberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(99)00080-7","article-title":"Native heart complications after heterotopic heart transplantation: insight into the potential risk of left ventricular assist device","volume":"18","author":"O. Tagusari","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90422-1","article-title":"Resolution of severe pulmonary hypertension after heterotopic cardiac transplantation","volume":"14","author":"F. Villanueva","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.12.036","article-title":"Post-transplant survival after lowering fixed pulmonary hypertension using left ventricular assist devices","volume":"31","author":"D. Zimpfer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"}],"container-title":["The Heart Surgery Forum"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.hsforum.com\/index.php\/HSF\/article\/viewFile\/473\/474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:13:10Z","timestamp":1766398390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/HSF\/17\/3\/10.1532\/HSF98.2014328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1532\/hsf98.2014328","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-6662","1098-3511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-6662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1098-3511","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]]}}}