{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:05:24Z","timestamp":1792645524738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loss of the Y chromosome in Drosophila has no impact on cell viability and therefore allows us to assay the impact of environmental agents and genetic alterations on chromosomal loss. To detect in vivo chromosome loss in cells of the developing Drosophila wing primordia, we first engineered a Y chromosome with an attP docking site. By making use of the \u03a6C31 integrase system, we site-specifically integrated a genomic transgene encompassing the multiple wing hair (mwh) locus into this attP site, leading to a mwh+Y chromosome. This chromosome fully rescues the mwh mutant phenotype, an excellent recessive wing cell marker mutation. Loss of this mwh+Y chromosome in wing primordial cells then leads to manifestation of the mwh mutant phenotype in mwh-homozygous cells. The forming mwh clones permit us to quantify the effect of agents and genetic alterations by assaying frequency and size of the mwh mosaic spots. To illustrate the use of the mwh+Y loss system, the effects of four known mutagens (X-rays, colchicine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and formaldehyde) and two genetic conditions (loss- and gain-of-function lodestar mutant alleles) are documented. The procedure is simple, sensitive, and inexpensive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.112.002899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T01:44:55Z","timestamp":1384479895000},"page":"1095-1102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["An Assay to Detect<i>In Vivo<\/i>Y Chromosome Loss in<i>Drosophila<\/i>Wing Disc Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Janos","family":"Szabad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, and"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo J","family":"Bellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and"},{"name":"Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen J T","family":"Venken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, and"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2007.05.005","article-title":"Patterning signals and proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2839","article-title":"100 years of Drosophila research and its impact on vertebrate neuroscience: a history lesson for the future","volume":"11","author":"Bellen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611511104","article-title":"An optimized transgenesis system for Drosophila using germ-line-specific \u03d5C31 integrases","volume":"104","author":"Bischof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(85)90317-3","article-title":"Intrinsic growth control in the imaginal primordia of Drosophila, and the autonomous action of a lethal mutation causing overgrowth","volume":"107","author":"Bryant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.18.3971","article-title":"Generation of medial and lateral dorsal body domains by the pannier gene of Drosophila","volume":"127","author":"Calleja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13225","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231484998","article-title":"Identification of five new genes on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"98","author":"Carvalho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002336","article-title":"The Salmonella mutagenicity assay: the stethoscope of genetic toxicology for the 21st century","volume":"118","author":"Claxton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib8","first-page":"389","article-title":"Wing somatic mutation and recombination test","volume":"247","author":"de Andrade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800408","article-title":"Analysis of cell proliferation in Drosophila wing imaginal discs using mosaic clones","volume":"92","author":"Dubatolova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity (Edinb.)"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.323004","article-title":"Su(var) genes regulate the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin in Drosophila","volume":"18","author":"Ebert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1334","article-title":"A toolkit for high-throughput, cross-species gene engineering in Drosophila","volume":"6","author":"Ejsmont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02654485","article-title":"Induction, detection and characterization of cell differentiation mutants in Drosophila","volume":"128","author":"Garcia-Bellido","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(71)90047-9","article-title":"Parameters of the wing imaginal disc development of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"24","author":"Garcia-Bellido","year":"1971","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3123","article-title":"Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860060206","article-title":"Somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"6","author":"Graf","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.166.4.1775","article-title":"Construction of transgenic Drosophila by using the site-specific integrase from phage \u03a6C31","volume":"166","author":"Groth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00848779","article-title":"The effects of X-rays on the proliferation dynamics of cells in the imaginal wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"183","author":"Haynie","year":"1977","journal-title":"Wilhelm Roux\u2019s Archives"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.55","article-title":"Losing balance: the origin and impact of aneuploidy in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Holland","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1379\/1466-1268(2002)007<0297:HATPMD>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Hsp70 and thermal pretreatment mitigate developmental damage caused by mitotic poisons in Drosophila","volume":"7","author":"Isaenko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib20","first-page":"193","article-title":"Methods of feeding ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to Drosophila males","volume":"43","author":"Lewis","year":"1968","journal-title":"Drosoph. Inf. Serv."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-346","article-title":"Modeling the aneuploidy control of cancer","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200811012","article-title":"Spatiotemporal control of mitosis by the conserved spindle matrix protein Megator","volume":"184","author":"Lince-Faria","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.101","article-title":"Exploiting position effects and the gypsy retrovirus insulator to engineer precisely expressed transgenes","volume":"40","author":"Markstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0072","article-title":"Spindle assembly checkpoint: the third decade","volume":"366","author":"Musacchio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2163","article-title":"The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time","volume":"8","author":"Musacchio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175242","article-title":"Mechanisms of growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing","volume":"25","author":"Neto-Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/446038a","article-title":"Cell biology: aneuploidy and cancer","volume":"446","author":"Pellman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.65","article-title":"Chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in cancer: from yeast to man","volume":"13","author":"Pfau","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/118.3.461","article-title":"A stable genomic source of P element transposase in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"118","author":"Robertson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(92)90001-G","article-title":"Evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster of the mutagenic potential of furfural in the mei-9a test for chromosome loss in germ-line cells and the wing spot test for mutational activity in somatic cells","volume":"280","author":"Rodriguez-Arnaiz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-66","article-title":"Role of serotonergic neurons in the Drosophila larval response to light","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez Moncalvo","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.076216","article-title":"The DrosDel deletion collection: a Drosophila genomewide chromosomal deficiency resource","volume":"177","author":"Ryder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-9521(02)00138-6","article-title":"Position-effect variegation and the genetic dissection of chromatin regulation in Drosophila","volume":"14","author":"Schotta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.3.1093","article-title":"Conversion of lacZ enhancer trap lines to GAL4 lines using targeted transposition in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"151","author":"Sepp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2001)156[0225:CNALIB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Chromosome nondisjunction and loss induced by protons and X rays in primary human fibroblasts: role of centromeres in aneuploidy","volume":"156","author":"Sgura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.3.183","article-title":"Evaluation of mutagenic effects of formaldehyde in vitro: detection of crosslinks and mutations in mouse lymphoma cells","volume":"17","author":"Speit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/ger050","article-title":"Does formaldehyde induce aneuploidy?","volume":"26","author":"Speit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.6.983","article-title":"Spatially restricted activity of a Drosophila lipid phosphatase guides migrating germ cells","volume":"128","author":"Starz-Gaiano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(85)90136-8","article-title":"Analysis of the genotoxic activity of four N-nitroso compounds by the Drosophila mosaic test","volume":"144","author":"Surjan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(86)90002-6","article-title":"A genetic assay for the detection of aneuploidy in the germ-line cells of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"164","author":"Szabad","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(86)90035-7","article-title":"Analysis of the genotoxic activity of five components affecting insect fertility","volume":"173","author":"Szabad","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(87)90215-6","article-title":"A genetic assay to detect chromosome gain and\/or loss in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"180","author":"Szabad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90224-8","article-title":"Testing the mutagenicity of malondialdehyde and formaldehyde by the Drosophila mosaic and the sex-linked recessive lethal tests","volume":"113","author":"Szabad","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/139.4.1585","article-title":"Horka, a dominant mutation of Drosophila, induces nondisjunction and, through paternal effect, chromosome loss and genetic mosaics","volume":"139","author":"Szabad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.097345","article-title":"HorkaD, a chromosome instability-causing mutation in Drosophila, is a dominant-negative allele of Lodestar","volume":"181","author":"Szalontai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.01.017","article-title":"Identification of aneuploidy-selective antiproliferation compounds","volume":"144","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.090878","article-title":"Aneuploidy: cells losing their balance","volume":"179","author":"Torres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.47","article-title":"Death through a tragedy: mitotic catastrophe","volume":"15","author":"Vakifahmetoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134426","article-title":"P[acman]: a BAC transgenic platform for targeted insertion of large DNA fragments in D. melanogaster","volume":"314","author":"Venken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1331","article-title":"Versatile P[acman] BAC libraries for transgenesis studies in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"6","author":"Venken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3115","article-title":"Mitotic catastrophe: a mechanism for avoiding genomic instability","volume":"12","author":"Vitale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160058","article-title":"Aneuploidy affects proliferation and spontaneous immortalization in mammalian cells","volume":"322","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.091314","article-title":"The multiple-wing-hairs gene encodes a novel GBD-FH3 domain-containing protein that functions both prior to and after wing hair initiation","volume":"180","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20062","article-title":"History and rationale of genetic toxicity testing: an impersonal, and sometimes personal, view","volume":"44","author":"Zeiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"2021041709152930600_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(92)90126-M","article-title":"Formaldehyde, glyoxal, urethane, methyl carbamate, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-hexanedione, ethyl acrylate, dibromoacetonitrile and 2-hydroxypropionitrile induce chromosome loss in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"270","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."}],"container-title":["G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/2\/9\/1095\/37069935\/g3journal1095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/2\/9\/1095\/37069935\/g3journal1095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1647083606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article\/2\/9\/1095\/6026092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/g3.112.002899","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-1836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-1836","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}}}