{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:49:22Z","timestamp":1769280562684,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\u201cSee-through\u201d strains of medaka are unique tools for experiments: their skin is transparent, and their internal organs can be externally monitored throughout life. However, see-through fish are less vital than normally pigmented wild-type fish, which allows only skilled researchers to make the most of their advantages. Expecting that hybrid vigor (heterosis) would increase the vitality, we outcrossed two see-through strains (SK2 and STIII) with a genetically distant wild-type strain (HNI). Fish with the see-through phenotypes were successfully restored in the F2 generation and maintained as closed colonies. We verified that genomes of these hybrid see-through strains actually consisted of approximately 50% HNI and approximately 50% SK2 or STIII alleles, but we could not obtain evidence supporting improved survival of larvae or fecundity of adults, at least under our breeding conditions. We also found that four of the five see-through mutations (bg8, i-3, gu, and il-1 but not lf) additively decrease viability. Given that heterosis could not overwhelm the viability-reducing effects of the see-through mutations, easy-to-breed see-through strains will only be established by other methods such as conditional gene targeting or screening of new body-color mutations that do not reduce viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.113.007575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T00:19:27Z","timestamp":1375748367000},"page":"1577-1585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Body-Color Mutations on Vitality: An Attempt to Establish Easy-to-Breed See-Through Medaka Strains by Outcrossing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Morimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chizuru","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Hiraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritsuko","family":"Komine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuaki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources , National Institute for Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi"},{"name":"National Institute for Basic Biology , Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project Center, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Naruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources , National Institute for Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Fukamachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"},{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics , Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women\u2019s University, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082207432377600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.22.4692","article-title":"Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques.","volume":"25","author":"Aljanabi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023082207432377600_bib2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Oryzias sakaizumii, a new ricefish from northern Japan (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae).","volume":"22","author":"Asai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ichthyol. 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