{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:27:41Z","timestamp":1787236061951,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chlorophyll-deficient line MinnGold is a spontaneous mutant characterized by yellow foliage. Map-based cloning and transgenic complementation revealed that the mutant phenotype is caused by a nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution in the third exon of a Mg-chelatase subunit gene (ChlI1a) on chromosome 13. This gene was selected as a candidate for a different yellow foliage mutant, T219H (Y11y11), that had been previously mapped to chromosome 13. Although the phenotypes of MinnGold and T219H are clearly distinct, sequencing of ChlI1a in T219H identified a different nonsynonymous mutation in the third exon, only six base pairs from the MinnGold mutation. This information, along with previously published allelic tests, were used to identify and clone a third yellow foliage mutation, CD-5, which was previously mapped to chromosome 15. This mutation was identified in the ChlI1b gene, a paralog of ChlI1a. Sequencing of the ChlI1b allele in CD-5 identified a nonsynonymous substitution in the third exon that confers an identical amino acid change as the T219H substitution at ChlI1a. Protein sequence alignments of the two Mg-chelatase subunits indicated that the sites of amino acid modification in MinnGold, T219H, and CD-5 are highly conserved among photosynthetic species. These results suggest that amino acid alterations in this critical domain may create competitive inhibitory interactions between the mutant and wild-type ChlI1a and ChlI1b proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.114.015255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T13:14:38Z","timestamp":1417526078000},"page":"123-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Identical Substitutions in Magnesium Chelatase Paralogs Result in Chlorophyll-Deficient Soybean Mutants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Benjamin W","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun J","family":"Curtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A","family":"Slattery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Michno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R","family":"Ort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801"},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture\/Agricultural Research Service, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, Illinois 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Schaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid G","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H","family":"Orf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Stupar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"},{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Genetic stocks available.","volume":"2","author":"Bernard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Soyb. Genet. Newsl."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib2","first-page":"27","article-title":"USDA soybean genetic collection: isoline collection.","volume":"18","author":"Bernard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soyb. Genet. Newsl."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.172981","article-title":"Targeted mutagenesis of duplicated genes in soybean with zinc-finger nucleases.","volume":"156","author":"Curtin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02920831","article-title":"Linkage relationships of recessive chlorophyll mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana.","volume":"17","author":"Fischerova","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biol. Plant."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4834","article-title":"Interplay between an AAA module and an integrin I domain may regulate the function of magnesium chelatase.","volume":"311","author":"Fodje","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.4.1531","article-title":"Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations.","volume":"151","author":"Force","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068696","article-title":"Evolutionary rate in the protein interaction network.","volume":"296","author":"Fraser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400837","article-title":"RNA interference-inducing hairpin RNAs in plants act through the viral defence pathway.","volume":"7","author":"Fusaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1941","article-title":"Magnesium-protoporphyrin chelatase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: reconstitution of activity by combining the products of the bchH, -I, and -D genes expressed in Escherichia coli.","volume":"92","author":"Gibson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1744","article-title":"Molecular basis for semidominance of missense mutations in the XANTHA-H (42-kDa) subunit of magnesium chelatase.","volume":"96","author":"Hansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212504499","article-title":"Three semidominant barley mutants with single amino acid substitutions in the smallest magnesium chelatase subunit form defective AAA+ hexamers.","volume":"99","author":"Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.135368","article-title":"Arabidopsis CHLI2 can substitute for CHLI1.","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2008.08.0511","article-title":"Bulked segregant analysis using the GoldenGate assay to locate the rpp3 locus that confers resistance to soybean rust in soybean.","volume":"49","author":"Hyten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-008-0726-2","article-title":"High-throughput genotyping with the GoldenGate assay in the complex genome of soybean.","volume":"116","author":"Hyten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib15","first-page":"383","article-title":"Structural genes for Mg-chelatase subunits in barley: Xantha-f, -g and -h.","volume":"250","author":"Jensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcg064","article-title":"Characterization of a rice chlorophyll-deficient mutant using the T-DNA gene-trap system.","volume":"44","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1139\/g03-092","article-title":"Duplicate chlorophyll-deficient loci in soybean.","volume":"47","author":"Kato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.2","article-title":"Protein structure prediction on the Web: a case study using the Phyre server.","volume":"4","author":"Kelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1039\/b802604c","article-title":"Functional analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana isoforms of the Mg-chelatase CHLI subunit.","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08248.x","article-title":"Isolation of a gene encoding a novel chloroplast protein by T-DNA tagging in Arabidopsis thaliana.","volume":"9","author":"Koncz","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)48036-1","article-title":"Chlorophylls and carotenoids\u2014pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.","volume":"148","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11651","article-title":"A soybean cyst nematode resistance gene points to a new mechanism of plant resistance to pathogens.","volume":"492","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/159.4.1789","article-title":"The probability of preservation of a newly arisen gene duplicate.","volume":"159","author":"Lynch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2003.1602","article-title":"Translocation breakpoints in soybean classical genetic linkage groups 6 and 8.","volume":"43","author":"Mahama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D348","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1243","article-title":"CDD: conserved domains and protein three-dimensional structure.","volume":"41","author":"Marchler-Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.194605","article-title":"Structural variants in the soybean genome localize to clusters of biotic stress-response genes.","volume":"159","author":"McHale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9828","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.21.9828","article-title":"Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregating populations.","volume":"88","author":"Michelmore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.2053","article-title":"Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled 5 (GUN5) mutant reveals the involvement of Mg-chelatase H subunit in plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction.","volume":"98","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2481","article-title":"Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of CHL1, a subunit of magnesium-chelatase in soybean.","volume":"215","author":"Nakayama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib30","unstructured":"Nguyen, L. V., 1995\u2003Transposon tagging and isolation of the sulfur gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020100613","article-title":"W4-mutable line in soybean.","volume":"10","author":"Palmer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Genet."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib32","first-page":"404","article-title":"Genetics and linkage of 3 chlorophyll-deficient mutants in soybean - Y19, Y22, and Y23.","volume":"81","author":"Palmer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib33","first-page":"137","article-title":"Qualitative genetics","volume-title":"Soybeans: Improvement, Production, and Uses","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","edition":"Ed. 3"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(89)80347-0","article-title":"Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy.","volume":"975","author":"Porra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010625","article-title":"Chlorophyll biosynthesis. Expression of a second chl I gene of magnesium chelatase in Arabidopsis supports only limited chlorophyll synthesis.","volume":"128","author":"Rissler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-005-2880-0","article-title":"The maize Oil yellow1 (Oy1) gene encodes the I subunit of magnesium chelatase.","volume":"60","author":"Sawers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08670","article-title":"Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean.","volume":"463","author":"Schmutz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-10-160","article-title":"RNA-Seq Atlas of Glycine max: a guide to the soybean transcriptome.","volume":"10","author":"Severin","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib39","volume-title":"Numerical Taxonomy","author":"Sneath","year":"1973"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-005-1129-6","article-title":"An Arabidopsis mutant that is resistant to the protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor acifluorfen shows regulatory changes in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.","volume":"273","author":"Soldatova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomics"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054985","article-title":"Development and evaluation of SoySNP50K, a high-density genotyping array for soybean.","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405942-9.00004-9","article-title":"Insights from the soybean (Glycine max and Glycine soja) genome: past, present, and future.","volume":"118","author":"Stupar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-337","article-title":"Complex fate of paralogs.","volume":"8","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000088107","article-title":"Artificial selection for determinate growth habit in soybean.","volume":"107","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106873","article-title":"Chlorophyll mutant in soybeans provides teaching aid.","volume":"50","author":"Weber","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81192-2","article-title":"The spectral determination of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution.","volume":"144","author":"Wellburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2006.12.0838tpg","article-title":"A rearrangement resulting in small tandem repeats in the F3 \u2019 5 \u2019 H gene of white flower genotypes is associated with the soybean W1 locus.","volume":"47","author":"Zabala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-006-9024-z","article-title":"Rice Chlorina-1 and Chlorina-9 encode ChlD and ChlI subunits of Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0523.2010.01844.x","article-title":"Identification and gene mapping of a soybean chlorophyll-deficient mutant.","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Breed."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esg065","article-title":"Association of the yellow leaf (y10) mutant to soybean chromosome 3.","volume":"94","author":"Zou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"2021042013470314500_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-2734-4.50017-6","article-title":"Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins","volume-title":"Evolving Genes and Proteins","author":"Zuckerkandl","year":"1965"}],"container-title":["G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/123\/37191255\/g3journal0123.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/123\/37191255\/g3journal0123.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T14:53:26Z","timestamp":1650725606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/g3journal\/article\/5\/1\/123\/6025226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1534\/g3.114.015255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-1836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-1836","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}