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This study delves more deeply into the mechanism by which XSEs transmit X chromosome dose. We determined the relative contributions of individual XSEs to the X:A signal and showed the order of XSE strength to be sex-1 &amp;gt; sex-2 &amp;gt; fox-1 &amp;gt; ceh-39 \u2265 region 1 XSE. sex-1 exerts a more potent influence on sex determination and dosage compensation than any other XSE by functioning in two separate capacities in the pathway: sex-1 acts upstream as an XSE to repress xol-1 and downstream as an activator of hermaphrodite development and dosage compensation. Furthermore, the process of dosage compensation affects expression of the very XSEs that control it; XSEs become fully dosage compensated once sex is determined. The X:A signal is then equivalent between XO and XX animals, causing sexual differentiation to be controlled by genes downstream of xol-1 in the sex-determination pathway. Prior to the onset of dosage compensation, the difference in XSE expression between XX and XO embryos appears to be greater than twofold, making X chromosome counting a robust process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.078071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,19]],"date-time":"2007-10-19T01:07:04Z","timestamp":1192756024000},"page":"1639-1654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Revisiting the X:A Signal That Specifies <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i> Sexual Fate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"John M","family":"Gladden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3204"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnom","family":"Farboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 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