{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:28:26Z","timestamp":1780558106432,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>White clover is polymorphic for cyanogenesis, with both cyanogenic and acyanogenic plants occurring in nature. This chemical defense polymorphism is one of the longest-studied and best-documented examples of an adaptive polymorphism in plants. It is controlled by two independently segregating genes: Ac\/ac controls the presence\/absence of cyanogenic glucosides; and Li\/li controls the presence\/absence of their hydrolyzing enzyme, linamarase. Whereas Li is well characterized at the molecular level, Ac has remained unidentified. Here we report evidence that Ac corresponds to a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 of the CYP79D protein subfamily (CYP79D15), and we describe the apparent molecular basis of the Ac\/ac polymorphism. CYP79D orthologs catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis in other cyanogenic plant species. In white clover, Southern hybridizations indicate that CYP79D15 occurs as a single-copy gene in cyanogenic plants but is absent from the genomes of ac plants. Gene-expression analyses by RT\u2013PCR corroborate this finding. This apparent molecular basis of the Ac\/ac polymorphism parallels our previous findings for the Li\/li polymorphism, which also arises through the presence\/absence of a single-copy gene. The nature of these polymorphisms may reflect white clover's evolutionary origin as an allotetraploid derived from cyanogenic and acyanogenic diploid progenitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.080366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T00:34:12Z","timestamp":1210034052000},"page":"517-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Evidence on the Molecular Basis of the <i>Ac\/ac<\/i> Adaptive Cyanogenesis Polymorphism in White Clover (<i>Trifolium repens<\/i> L.)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Kenneth M","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology , Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology , Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L","family":"Small","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology , Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110410281010700_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.3.1966","volume":"275","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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