{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:51:59Z","timestamp":1781499119819,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maize (Zea mays) has a large class of seed mutants with opaque or nonvitreous endosperms that could improve the nutritional quality of our food supply. The phenotype of some of them appears to be linked to the improper formation of protein bodies (PBs) where zein storage proteins are deposited. Although a number of genes affecting endosperm vitreousness have been isolated, it has been difficult to clone opaque7 (o7), mainly because of its low penetrance in many genetic backgrounds. The o7-reference (o7-ref) mutant arose spontaneously in a W22 inbred, but is poorly expressed in other lines. We report here the isolation of o7 with a combination of map-based cloning and transposon tagging. We first identified an o7 candidate gene by map-based cloning. The putative o7-ref allele has a 12-bp in-frame deletion of codons 350\u2013353 in a 528-codon-long acyl-CoA synthetase-like gene (ACS). We then confirmed this candidate gene by generating another mutant allele from a transposon-tagging experiment using the Activator\/Dissociation (Ac\/Ds) system in a W22 background. The second allele, isolated from \u223c1 million gametes, presented a 2-kb Ds insertion that resembles the single Ds component of double-Ds, McClintock\u2019s original Dissociation element, at codon 496 of the ACS gene. PBs exhibited striking membrane invaginations in the o7-ref allele and a severe number reduction in the Ds-insertion mutant, respectively. We propose a model in which the ACS enzyme plays a key role in membrane biogenesis, by taking part in protein acylation, and that altered PBs render the seed nonvitreous.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.133918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,17]],"date-time":"2011-09-17T04:33:00Z","timestamp":1316233980000},"page":"1271-1280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Maize High-Lysine Mutant<i>opaque7<\/i>Is Defective in an Acyl-CoA Synthetase-Like Protein"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Mihai","family":"Miclaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongrui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo K","family":"Dooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and"},{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Pathology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Messing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waksman Institute of Microbiology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2006.05.003","article-title":"Yeast acyl-CoA synthetases at the crossroads of fatty acid metabolism and regulation","volume":"1771","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. 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Chem."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.94.1.201","article-title":"Three mutations in Zea mays affecting zein accumulation: a comparison of zein polypeptides, in vitro synthesis and processing, mRNA levels, and genomic organization","volume":"94","author":"Burr","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7094","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.7094","article-title":"Expression of a mutant alpha-zein creates the floury2 phenotype in transgenic maize","volume":"94","author":"Coleman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9385","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9385","article-title":"Sequences near the termini are required for transposition of the maize transposon Ac in transgenic tobacco plants","volume":"86","author":"Coupland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. 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Chem."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2332504","article-title":"Close split of sorghum and maize genome progenitors","volume":"14","author":"Swigonova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04889.x","article-title":"A novel, cleavable peroxisomal targeting signal at the amino-terminus of the rat 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase","volume":"10","author":"Swinkels","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0","volume":"24","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. 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Amino acid residues within the ATP\/AMP signature motif of Escherichia coli FadD are required for enzyme activity and fatty acid transport","volume":"277","author":"Weimar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-009-1083-5","article-title":"Non-Mendelian regulation and allelic variation of methionine-rich delta-zein genes in maize","volume":"119","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"2023030719532329700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12810","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004721107","article-title":"Gamma-zeins are essential for endosperm modification in quality protein maize","volume":"107","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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