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Here we found that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a strong avoidance response to MeSa, which requires the activities of two closely related neuropeptide receptors NPR-1 and NPR-2. Molecular analyses suggest that NPR-1 expressed in the RMG inter\/motor neurons is required for MeSa avoidance. An NPR-1 ligand FLP-18 is also required. Using a rescuing npr-2 promoter to drive a GFP transgene, we identified that NPR-2 is expressed in multiple sensory and interneurons. Genetic rescue experiments suggest that NPR-2 expressed in the AIZ interneurons is required for MeSa avoidance. We also provide evidence that the AWB sensory neurons might act upstream of RMGs and AIZs to detect MeSa. Our results suggest that NPR-2 has an important role in regulating animal behavior and that NPR-1 and NPR-2 act on distinct interneurons to affect C. elegans avoidance response to MeSa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.172239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,20]],"date-time":"2014-12-20T02:52:37Z","timestamp":1419043957000},"page":"523-531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuropeptide Receptors NPR-1 and NPR-2 Regulate<i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>Avoidance Response to the Plant Stress Hormone Methyl Salicylate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Jintao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics , School of Life Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaofa","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics , School of Life Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics , School of Life Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics , School of Life Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030814561535500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.123.1","article-title":"Chemosensation in C. elegans","author":"Bargmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"WormBook"},{"key":"2023030814561535500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100185","article-title":"Beyond the connectome: how neuromodulators shape neural circuits.","volume":"34","author":"Bargmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2023030814561535500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)80053-H","article-title":"Odorant-selective genes and neurons mediate olfaction in C. elegans.","volume":"74","author":"Bargmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023030814561535500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.1.85","article-title":"A transmembrane guanylyl cyclase (DAF-11) and Hsp90 (DAF-21) regulate a common set of chemosensory behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans.","volume":"155","author":"Birnby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2023030814561535500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-00956.1985","article-title":"The neural circuit for touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans.","volume":"5","author":"Chalfie","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. 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