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Analysis of a panel of consomic strains indicated that a genetic factor on chromosome 10 had a significant effect on susceptibility to HIT. We analyzed a whole-genome SNP database to identify allelic variants that were uniquely present on chromosome 10 in the strain that was previously shown to exhibit the highest level of susceptibility to HIT. This analysis implicated allelic variation within pantetheinase genes (Vnn1 and Vnn3), which we propose impaired the biosynthesis of cysteamine, could affect susceptibility to HIT. We demonstrate that administration of cystamine, which is rapidly metabolized to cysteamine, could completely prevent HIT in the murine model. Many of the haloperidol-induced gene expression changes in the striatum of the susceptible strain were reversed by cystamine coadministration. Since cystamine administration has previously been shown to have other neuroprotective actions, we investigated whether cystamine administration could have a broader neuroprotective effect. Cystamine administration caused a 23% reduction in infarct volume after experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Characterization of this novel pharmacogenetic factor for HIT has identified a new approach for preventing the treatment-limiting toxicity of an antipsychotic agent, which could also be used to reduce the extent of brain damage after stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.184648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T04:25:27Z","timestamp":1458361527000},"page":"599-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Pharmacogenetic Discovery: Cystamine Protects Against Haloperidol-Induced Toxicity and Ischemic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Haili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"},{"name":"Center for the Advancement of Health and Bioscience , Sunnyvale, California 94089"},{"name":"Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki, Japan, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rona","family":"Giffard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J David","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Sahbaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Dill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Peltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia , Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110506214777500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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