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Genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans has played a key role in elucidating conserved pathways regulating axon guidance, including Netrin signaling, the slit Slit\/Robo pathway, Wnt signaling, and others. Axon guidance factors were first identified by screens for mutations affecting animal behavior, and by direct visual screens for axon guidance defects. Genetic analysis of these pathways has revealed the complex and combinatorial nature of guidance cues, and has delineated how cues guide growth cones via receptor activity and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Several axon guidance pathways also affect directed migrations of non-neuronal cells in C. elegans, with implications for normal and pathological cell migrations in situations such as tumor metastasis. The small number of neurons and highly stereotyped axonal architecture of the C. elegans nervous system allow analysis of axon guidance at the level of single identified axons, and permit in vivo tests of prevailing models of axon guidance. C. elegans axons also have a robust capacity to undergo regenerative regrowth after precise laser injury (axotomy). Although such axon regrowth shares some similarities with developmental axon outgrowth, screens for regrowth mutants have revealed regeneration-specific pathways and factors that were not identified in developmental screens. Several areas remain poorly understood, including how major axon tracts are formed in the embryo, and the function of axon regeneration in the natural environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.186262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T14:27:32Z","timestamp":1478788052000},"page":"849-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["The Genetics of Axon Guidance and Axon Regeneration in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Andrew D","family":"Chisholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, and"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G","family":"Wadsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011800063830000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.6.1219","article-title":"The NC1\/endostatin domain of Caenorhabditis elegans type XVIII collagen affects cell migration and axon guidance.","volume":"152","author":"Ackley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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