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Past research...<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Emerging large-scale biobanks pairing genotype data with phenotype data present new opportunities to prioritize shared genetic associations across multiple phenotypes for molecular validation. Past research, by our group and others, has shown gene-level tests of association produce biologically interpretable characterization of the genetic architecture of a given phenotype. Here, we present a new method, Ward clustering to identify Internal Node branch length outliers using Gene Scores (WINGS), for identifying shared genetic architecture among multiple phenotypes. The objective of WINGS is to identify groups of phenotypes, or \u201cclusters,\u201d sharing a core set of genes enriched for mutations in cases. We validate WINGS using extensive simulation studies and then combine gene-level association tests with WINGS to identify shared genetic architecture among 81 case-control and seven quantitative phenotypes in 349,468 European-ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify eight prioritized phenotype clusters and recover multiple published gene-level associations within prioritized clusters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.120.303096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T22:35:13Z","timestamp":1585953313000},"page":"511-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Detecting Shared Genetic Architecture Among Multiple Phenotypes by Hierarchical Clustering of Gene-Level Association Statistics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Melissa R","family":"McGuirl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Pattillo","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Molecular Biology , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Sandstede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Data Science Initiative , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohini","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Molecular Biology , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"},{"name":"Division of Applied Mathematics , Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031009171792500_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx299","article-title":"Flashpca2: principal component analysis of biobank-scale genotype datasets.","volume":"33","author":"Abraham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023031009171792500_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.07.013","article-title":"Circulating tumor cell clusters are oligoclonal precursors of breast cancer metastasis.","volume":"158","author":"Aceto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023031009171792500_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0861OC","article-title":"Identification of four novel loci in asthma in European American and African American populations.","volume":"195","author":"Almoguera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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