{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T04:06:26Z","timestamp":1748750786856,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"International Heart Journal (Japanese Heart Journal)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. Heart J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.24-795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T22:08:02Z","timestamp":1747260482000},"page":"504-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vasospastic Angina as a Cause of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1536","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Tadao","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, JR Sapporo Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Funayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Oyama-Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Minamino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"437","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21: 133-46.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Chou R, Herman E, Ahmed A, <i>et al<\/i>. Long COVID definitions and models of care : a scoping review. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177: 929-40.","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0677"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Raman B, Bluemke DA, L\u00fcscher TF, Neubauer S. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus. Eur Heart J 2022; 43: 1157-72.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac031"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Gluckman TJ, Bhave NM, Allen LA, <i>et al<\/i>. 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 in adults: myocarditis and other myocardial involvement, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and return to play: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79: 1717-56.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.02.003"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Aikawa T, Ogino J, Oyama-Manabe N, Funayama N. Vasospastic angina: a cause of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Intern Med 2022; 61: 2693-5.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0137-22"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Ahamed J, Laurence J. Long COVID endotheliopathy: hypothesized mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. J Clin Invest 2022; 132: e161167.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI161167"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Aljadah M, Khan N, Beyer AM, Chen Y, Blanker A, Widlansky ME. Clinical implications of COVID-19-related endothelial dysfunction. JACC Adv 2024; 3: 101070.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101070"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Hokimoto S, Kaikita K, Yasuda S, <i>et al<\/i>. JCS\/CVIT\/JCC 2023 guideline focused update on diagnosis and treatment of vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) and coronary microvascular dysfunction. J Cardiol 2023; 82: 293-341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.06.009"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Sueda S, Kurokawa K, Sakaue T, Ikeda S. What is the meaning of provoked spasm phenotypes by vasoreactivity testing? J Cardiol 2024; 83: 1-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.06.013"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Suda A, Takahashi J, Hao K, <i>et al<\/i>. Coronary functional abnormalities in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74: 2350-60.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1056"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Bois MC, Boire NA, Layman AJ, <i>et al<\/i>. COVID-19-associated nonocclusive fibrin microthrombi in the heart. Circulation 2021; 143: 230-43.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050754"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Pellegrini D, Kawakami R, Guagliumi G, <i>et al<\/i>. Microthrombi as a major cause of cardiac injury in COVID-19: a pathologic study. Circulation 2021; 143: 1031-42.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051828"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Aikawa T, Ogino J, Hirofuji A, Oyama-Manabe N. Microvascular thrombi in recurrent myocardial injury after coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Eur Heart J 2021; 42: 3804.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab539"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Sato K, Kaikita K, Nakayama N, <i>et al<\/i>. Coronary vasomotor response to intracoronary acetylcholine injection, clinical features, and long-term prognosis in 873 consecutive patients with coronary spasm: analysis of a single-center study over 20 years. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2: e000227.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000227"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"15. Montone RA, Rinaldi R, Del Buono MG, <i>et al<\/i>. Safety and prognostic relevance of acetylcholine testing in patients with stable myocardial ischaemia or myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries. EuroIntervention 2022; 18: e666-76.","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-21-00971"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Evans PC, Rainger GE, Mason JC, <i>et al<\/i>. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: a position paper of the ESC Working Group for Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116: 2177-84.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa230"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Dai Z, Aoki T, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H. Coronary perivascular fibrosis is associated with impairment of coronary blood flow in patients with non-ischemic heart failure. J Cardiol 2012; 60: 416-21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.06.009"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Takagi Y, Takahashi J, Yasuda S, <i>et al<\/i>. Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62: 1144-53.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.018"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Puntmann VO, Martin S, Shchendrygina A, <i>et al<\/i>. Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness. Nat Med 2022; 28: 2117-23.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02000-0"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Pryor DB, Shaw L, McCants CB, <i>et al<\/i>. Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 81-90.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00001"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Aikawa T, Naya M, Obara M, <i>et al<\/i>. Effects of coronary revascularization on global coronary flow reserve in stable coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115: 119-29.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy169"}],"container-title":["International Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ihj\/66\/3\/66_24-795\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T04:04:54Z","timestamp":1748664294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ihj\/66\/3\/66_24-795\/_article"}},"subtitle":["A Case Series"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1536\/ihj.24-795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1349-2365","1349-3299"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1349-2365"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1349-3299"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"article-number":"24-795"}}