{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:54:00Z","timestamp":1791003240124,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"International Heart Journal (Japanese Heart Journal)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. Heart J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.25-604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:16:17Z","timestamp":1790720177000},"page":"429-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Explainable Machine Learning Identifies Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Key Prognostic Biomarker in Cardiogenic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1536","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Xueqian","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haosheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"437","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Ouweneel DM, Eriksen E, Seyfarth M, Henriques JPS. Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump for Treating Cardiogenic Shock. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69: 358-60.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.026"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Osman M, Syed M, Patibandla S, <i>et al<\/i>. Fifteen-Year Trends in Incidence of Cardiogenic Shock Hospitalization and In-Hospital Mortality in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10: e021061.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021061"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3. Goldberg RJ, Spencer FA, Gore JM, Lessard D, Yarzebski J. Thirty-year trends (1975 to 2005) in the magnitude of, management of, and hospital death rates associated with cardiogenic shock in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a population-based perspective. Circulation 2009; 119: 1211-9.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814947"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Jentzer JC, P\u00f6ss J, Schaubroeck H, Morrow DA, Hollenberg SM, Mebazaa A. Advances in the Management of Cardiogenic Shock. Crit Care Med 2023; 51: 1222-33.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005919"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kalra S, Ranard LS, Memon S, <i>et al<\/i>. Risk Prediction in Cardiogenic Shock: Current State of Knowledge, Challenges and Opportunities. J Card Fail 2021; 27: 1099-110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.003"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, <i>et al<\/i>. Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 136-43.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00508-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Harjola V, Lassus J, Sionis A, <i>et al<\/i>. Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17: 501-9.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.260"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Sleeper LA, Reynolds HR, White HD, Webb JG, D\u017eav\u00edk V, Hochman JS. A severity scoring system for risk assessment of patients with cardiogenic shock: A report from the SHOCK Trial and Registry. Am Heart J 2010; 160: 443-50.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.024"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Nielsen OJ, Andersen LS, Ludwigsen E, <i>et al<\/i>. Serum antioxidants and inflammation predict red cell distribution width in older women: the Women&apos;s Health and Aging Study I. Clin Nutr 2010; 29: 600-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.03.001"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Miyamoto K, Inai K, Takeuchi D, Shinohara T, Nakanishi T. Relationships Among Red Cell Distribution Width, Anemia, and Interleukin-6 in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Circ J 2015; 79: 1100-6.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-1296"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kim J, Im JS, Choi CH, <i>et al<\/i>. The Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Sarcopenia in U.S. Adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 11484.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29855-z"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Tajuddin SM, Nalls MA, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Association of red cell distribution width with all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in African American and white adults: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2017; 15: 208.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1313-6"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Sotiropoulos K, Yerly P, Monney P, <i>et al<\/i>. Red cell distribution width and mortality in acute heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2016; 3: 198-204.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12091"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Chen M, Liao L, Yan J, Lin FQ. Predictive Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width for 1-Year All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15: 465-71.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S345109"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Jentzer JC, Anavekar NS, Bennett C, <i>et al<\/i>. Derivation and Validation of a Novel Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admission Risk Score for Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8: e013675.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013675"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Chichareon P, Nilmoje T, Suriyaamorn W, Preechawettayakul I, Suwanugsorn S. Predicting mortality in cardiac care unit patients: external validation of the Mayo cardiac intensive care unit admission risk score. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2021; 10: 1065-73.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab070"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Pandeya A, Kanneganti TD. Association Between the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and 30-Day Mortality in Intensive Care Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study Based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV Database. Cell Death Dis 2024; 45: 739-56."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Bao D, Luo G, Kan F, Wang X, Luo J, Jiang C. Prognostic value of red cell distribution width in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e033378.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033378"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Lu SY, Ortoleva J, Colon K, <i>et al<\/i>. Red blood cell distribution width predicts mortality of adult patients receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 2024; 39: 935-42.","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591231169850"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Frentiu AA, Mao K, Caruana CB, <i>et al<\/i>. The Prognostic Significance of Red Cell Distribution Width in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37: 471-9.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2022.11.015"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Wang B, Aihemaiti G, Cheng B, Li X. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Cardiogenic Shock. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 7005-15.","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.917436"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Johnson AEW, Bulgarelli L, Shen L, <i>et al<\/i>. MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset. Sci Data 2023; 10: 1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Degenhardt F, Seifert S, Szymczak S. Evaluation of variable selection methods for random forests and omics data sets. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20: 492-503.","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx124"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"24. Hollmann N, M\u00fcller S, Purucker L, <i>et al<\/i>. Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model. Nature 2025; 637: 319-26.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08328-6"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Borisov V, Leemann T, Sebler K, Haug J, Pawelczyk M, Kasneci G. Deep Neural Networks and Tabular Data: A Survey. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 2024; 35: 7499-519.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3229161"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Lapp\u00e9 JM, Horne BD, Shah SH, <i>et al<\/i>. Red cell distribution width, C-reactive protein, the complete blood count, and mortality in patients with coronary disease and a normal comparison population. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412: 2094-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.07.018"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"27. Pierce CN, Larson DF. Inflammatory cytokine inhibition of erythropoiesis in patients implanted with a mechanical circulatory assist device. Perfusion 2005; 20: 83-90.","DOI":"10.1191\/0267659105pf793oa"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Lippi G, Teti L, Dipalo M, Cervellin G. Relationship between red blood cell distribution width and prognostic biomarkers in patients admitted to the emergency department with acute infections. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24: e15-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.09.005"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Ghaffari S. Oxidative Stress in the Regulation of Normal and Neoplastic Hematopoiesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10: 1923-40.","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2142"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Veeranna V, Zalawadiya SK, Panaich SS, Ramesh K, Afonso L. The Association of Red Cell Distribution Width with Glycated Hemoglobin among Healthy Adults without Diabetes Mellitus. Cardiology 2012; 122: 129-32.","DOI":"10.1159\/000339225"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Oh HJ, Park JT, Kim JK, <i>et al<\/i>. Red blood cell distribution width is an independent predictor of mortality in acute kidney injury patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 589-94.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr307"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Vlahakos DV, Tsioufis C, Manolis A, <i>et al<\/i>. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in the cardiorenal syndrome with anaemia. J Hypertens 2019; 37: 2145-53.","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002111"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Marathias KP, Lambadiari VA, Markakis KP, <i>et al<\/i>. Competing Effects of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Erythropoietin Secretion in Diabetes. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51: 349-56.","DOI":"10.1159\/000507272"}],"container-title":["International Heart Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ihj\/67\/5\/67_25-604\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:25:14Z","timestamp":1791001514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ihj\/67\/5\/67_25-604\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1536\/ihj.25-604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1349-2365","1349-3299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1349-2365","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-3299","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"25-604"}}