{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:04:30Z","timestamp":1778544270717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Vilnius University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Like other disciplines, machine learning is currently facing a reproducibility crisis that hinders the advancement of scientific research. Researchers face difficulties reproducing key results due to the lack of critical details, including the disconnection between publications and associated models, data, parameter settings, and experimental results. To promote transparency and trust in research, solutions that improve the accessibility of models and data, facilitate experiment tracking, and allow audit of experimental results are needed. Blockchain technology, characterized by its decentralization, data immutability, cryptographic hash functions, consensus algorithms, robust security measures, access control mechanisms, and innovative smart contracts, offers a compelling pathway for the development of such solutions. To address the reproducibility challenges in machine learning, we present a novel concept of a blockchain-based platform that operates on a peer-to-peer network. This network comprises organizations and researchers actively engaged in machine learning research, seamlessly integrating various machine learning research and development frameworks. To validate the viability of our proposed concept, we implemented a blockchain network using the Hyperledger Fabric infrastructure and conducted experimental simulations in several scenarios to thoroughly evaluate its effectiveness. By fostering transparency and facilitating collaboration, our proposed platform has the potential to significantly improve reproducible research in machine learning and can be adapted to other domains within artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15388\/24-infor553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T11:08:05Z","timestamp":1712833685000},"page":"227-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancing Research Reproducibility in Machine Learning through Blockchain Technology"],"prefix":"10.15388","author":[{"given":"Ernestas","family":"Filatovas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linas","family":"Stripinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Orts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Remigijus","family":"Paulavi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"6097","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_001","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_002","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_003","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9323-8_24","volume-title":"Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security, and Computer Science","year":"1993"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_005","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on blockchain interoperability: past, present, and future trends","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3315746","article-title":"Decentralized federated learning: fundamentals, state of the art, frameworks, trends, and challenges","volume":"25","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_007","article-title":"Machine learning for industrial applications: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"175","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_008","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_009","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_010","first-page":"353","article-title":"Blockchain systems, technologies, and applications: a methodology perspective","volume":"25","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_011","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-022-09626-x","article-title":"A blockchain-based architecture for trust in collaborative scientific experimentation","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Grid Computing"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2211477","article-title":"The mnist database of handwritten digit images for machine learning research","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_014","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_015","article-title":"A MCDM-based framework for blockchain consensus protocol selection","volume":"204","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_016","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-021-01209-2","article-title":"Deep learning-based object recognition in multispectral satellite imagery for real-time applications","volume":"32","year":"2021","journal-title":"Machine Vision and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010091","article-title":"AutoML-based neural architecture search for object recognition in satellite imagery","volume":"15","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.06.014","article-title":"Do machine learning platforms provide out-of-the-box reproducibility?","volume":"126","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_020","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology-CRYPTO\u2019 90","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00057","volume-title":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC56439.2022.00027","volume-title":"2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC)","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6377","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1126\/science.359.6377.725","article-title":"Artificial intelligence faces reproducibility crisis","volume":"359","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_024","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00018","volume-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_026","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Software Architecture: 16th European Conference, 2022, Proceedings","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_027","first-page":"343","article-title":"Blockchain-based transaction manager for ontology databases","volume":"33","year":"2022","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_028","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1145\/357172.357176","article-title":"The Byzantine generals problem","volume":"4","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1049\/blc2.12032","article-title":"A review of blockchain cross-chain technology","volume":"3","year":"2023","journal-title":"IET Blockchain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000263","article-title":"A blockchain-based decentralized federated learning framework with committee consensus","volume":"35","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10240-2","article-title":"Deep learning based single sample face recognition: a survey","volume":"56","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_033","first-page":"3276","article-title":"Towards trustworthy AI: blockchain-based architecture design for accountability and fairness of federated learning systems","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_034","first-page":"4177","article-title":"Blockchain and federated learning for privacy-preserved data sharing in industrial IoT","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42504-3_26","volume-title":"Privacy and Identity Management. Data for Better Living: AI and Privacy. Privacy and Identity 2019","volume":"576","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/math12020221","article-title":"Data-driven consensus protocol classification using machine learning","volume":"12","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_037","first-page":"365","article-title":"Ontological representation of healthcare application security using blockchain technology","volume":"33","year":"2022","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_038","article-title":"A review of deep learning techniques for speech processing","volume":"99","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-020-01529-y","article-title":"Towards secure and efficient scientific research project management using consortium blockchain","volume":"93","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc5020020","article-title":"Traceability for trustworthy AI: a review of models and tools","volume":"5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_041","first-page":"3711","article-title":"FabricFL: blockchain-in-the-loop federated learning for trusted decentralized systems","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Systems Journal"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_042","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.15388\/Informatica.2019.227","article-title":"A decade of blockchain: review of the current status, challenges, and future directions","volume":"30","year":"2019","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38010","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3063324","article-title":"A systematic review and empirical analysis of blockchain simulators","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2019.00077","volume-title":"2019 IEEE\/ACM 16th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.05.003","article-title":"Web3: A comprehensive review on background, technologies, applications, zero-trust architectures, challenges and future directions","volume":"3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12750","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3275220","article-title":"Interoperability in blockchain: a survey","volume":"35","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2018","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13477.2"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_049","first-page":"603","article-title":"Tax declaration scheme using blockchain confidential transactions","volume":"34","year":"2023","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17277-0_8","volume-title":"Policy-Based Autonomic Data Governance","volume":"11550","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_051","volume-title":"Machine Learning Systems Workshop at NIPS 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_052","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Advanced Computing Conference","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-023-01531-8","article-title":"A verifiable and privacy-preserving blockchain-based federated learning approach","volume":"16","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-019-01531-7","article-title":"Machine learning applied in production planning and control: a state-of-the-art in the era of industry 4.0","volume":"31","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1145\/2641190.2641198","article-title":"OpenML: networked science in machine learning","volume":"15","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_056","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_057","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring blockchains interoperability: a systematic survey","volume":"55(13s)","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_058","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_059","first-page":"2438","article-title":"Deepchain: auditable and privacy-preserving deep learning with blockchain-based incentive","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_060","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering \u2013 EASE \u201914","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_061","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_062","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security, FC 2021","volume":"12675","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024051408124430227_j_infor553_ref_063","article-title":"Study on artificial intelligence: the state of the art and future prospects","volume":"23","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration"}],"container-title":["Informatica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/journal\/INFORMATICA\/article\/1330\/text","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/journal\/INFORMATICA\/article\/1330\/text","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T05:15:32Z","timestamp":1715663732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/doi\/10.15388\/24-INFOR553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.15388\/24-INFOR553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15388\/24-infor553","relation":{},"ISSN":["0868-4952","1822-8844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0868-4952","type":"print"},{"value":"1822-8844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}