{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T05:00:09Z","timestamp":1747198809466,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Vilnius University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing popularity of mobile and cloud computing raises new challenges related to energy efficiency. This work evaluates four various SQL and NoSQL database solutions in terms of energy efficiency. Namely, Cassandra, MongoDB, Redis, and MySQL are taken into consideration. This study measures energy efficiency of the chosen data storage solutions on a selected set of physical and virtual computing nodes by leveraging Intel RAPL (Running Average Power Limit) technology. Various database usage scenarios are considered in this evaluation including both local usage and remote offloading. Different workloads are benchmarked through the use of YCSB (Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark) tool. Extensive experimental results show that (i) Redis and MongoDB are more efficient in energy consumption under most usage scenarios, (ii) remote offloading saves energy if the network latency is low and destination CPU is significantly more powerful, and (iii) computationally weaker CPUs may sometimes demonstrate higher energy efficiency in terms of J\/ops. An energy efficiency measurement framework is proposed in order to evaluate and compare different database solutions based on the obtained experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15388\/24-infor567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T09:30:57Z","timestamp":1721813457000},"page":"649-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Offloaded Data Processing Energy Efficiency Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.15388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1012-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Prokhorenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"6097","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.14778\/1687627.1687731","article-title":"HadoopDB: an architectural hybrid of MapReduce and DBMS technologies for analytical workloads","volume":"2","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_003","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems - 26th International Conference, TACAS 2020, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020, Dublin, Ireland, April 25\u201330, 2020, Proceedings, Part II","volume":"12079","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_004"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7786","DOI":"10.3390\/s130607786","article-title":"Power measurement methods for energy efficient applications","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2012.39","article-title":"Measuring application software energy efficiency","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"IT Professional"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"2012 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Social Networking (ICCCSN)","year":"2012","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2013.2294466","article-title":"Data center energy efficiency: improving energy efficiency in data centers beyond technology scaling","volume":"31","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Design and Test"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems","year":"2015","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_009"},{"first-page":"455","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Memory Systems, MEMSYS 2016, October 3\u20136, 2016","year":"2016","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_010"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.3390\/en12112204","article-title":"A comparative study of methods for measurement of energy of computing","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCISci.2019.8716456","volume-title":"2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS)","year":"2019"},{"first-page":"71","volume-title":"Anais do XV Workshop em Desempenho de Sistemas Computacionais e de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2020","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_013"},{"first-page":"24","volume-title":"EDBT\u201908 Workshop on Software Engineering for Tailor-made Data Management, Proceedings, Nantes, France, March 29, 2008","year":"2008","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_014"},{"first-page":"112","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Design Automation Conference, DAC 2016, Austin, TX, USA, June 5\u20139, 2016","year":"2016","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_015"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS.2013.6557170","volume-title":"2013 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_017","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Database Systems for Adanced Applications - 16th International Conference, DASFAA 2011, International Workshops: GDB, SIM3, FlashDB, SNSMW, DaMEN, DQIS, Hong Kong, China, April 22\u201325, 2011. Proceedings","volume":"6637","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_018","first-page":"734","volume-title":"Datenbanksysteme f\u00fcr Business, Technologie und Web (BTW), 14. Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs \"Datenbanken und Informationssysteme\" (DBIS), 2.-4.3.2011","volume":"P-180","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_019","first-page":"311","article-title":"Energy efficiency comparison of hypervisors","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.01.004","article-title":"Energy aware edge computing: a survey","volume":"151","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342016665471","article-title":"A survey on software methods to improve the energy efficiency of parallel computing","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_022","first-page":"385","article-title":"Towards a benchmark platform for measuring the energy consumption of database systems","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advanced Science and Technology Letters"},{"first-page":"51","volume-title":"First International Workshop on Green and Sustainable Software, GREENS 2012, June 3, 2012","year":"2012","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_023"},{"volume-title":"ICT for Sustainability 2014 (ICT4S-14), August 25, 2014","year":"2014","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_024"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5124","article-title":"Rapid and accurate energy models through calibration with IPMI and RAPL","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_026"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/3177754","article-title":"RAPL in action: experiences in using RAPL for power measurements","volume":"3","year":"2018","journal-title":"TOMPECS"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.14778\/2732977.2732995","article-title":"Benchmarking scalability and elasticity of distributed database systems","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.98","article-title":"Cloud computing for mobile users: can offloading computation save energy?","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2014.56","volume-title":"IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, DASC 2014, August 24\u201327, 2014","year":"2014"},{"first-page":"263","volume-title":"2019 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation, SmartWorld\/SCALCOM\/UIC\/ATC\/CBDCom\/IOP\/SCI 2019, Leicester, United Kingdom, August 19\u201323, 2019","year":"2019","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_031"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.10.008","article-title":"Mildip: an energy efficient code offloading framework in mobile cloudlets","volume":"513","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.12.015","article-title":"A review of edge computing: features and resource virtualization","volume":"150","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102740","article-title":"An automated implementation of hybrid cloud for performance evaluation of distributed databases","volume":"167","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"first-page":"1948","volume-title":"11th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2012, June 25\u201327, 2012","year":"2012","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_035"},{"first-page":"256","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering, SLE 2017, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23\u201324, 2017","year":"2017","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_036"},{"first-page":"756","volume-title":"Computational Science \u2013 ICCS 2019","year":"2019","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_037"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/3154384","article-title":"Energy efficiency: a new concern for application software developers","volume":"60","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"first-page":"35","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems, CASES 2004, September 22\u201325, 2004","year":"2004","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_039"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51408\/csit2023_12"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.14778\/2367502.2367512","article-title":"Solving big data challenges for enterprise application performance management","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"first-page":"20","volume-title":"2014 Spring Simulation Multiconference, SpringSim \u201914, Proceedings of the High Performance Computing Symposium","year":"2014","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_042"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_043","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Complex Adaptive Systems 2011 Conference, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 31\u2013November 2, 2011","volume":"6","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2012.12","article-title":"Power-management architecture of the intel microarchitecture code-named sandy bridge","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1698223.1698225","article-title":"Power-efficient software","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM Queue"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Canadian Conference on Computer Science & Software Engineering, C3S2E 2010, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 19\u201320, 2010, Proceedings","year":"2010","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_046"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23727-5_18","volume-title":"Software Architecture \u2013 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik\/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7\u201311, 2015, Proceedings","volume":"9278","year":"2015"},{"first-page":"231","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 2010, June 6\u201310, 2010","year":"2010","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_048"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPPW.2012.39","volume-title":"2012 41st International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_050","first-page":"835","article-title":"Energy efficiency of cloud virtual machines: from traffic pattern and CPU affinity perspectives","volume":"11","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Systems Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.14778\/2367502.2367546","article-title":"PET: reducing database energy cost via query optimization","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"PVLDB"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.3217\/jucs-020-10-1488","article-title":"Exploiting the performance-energy tradeoffs for mobile database applications","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science,"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_053"},{"key":"2024082910114224343_j_infor567_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.02.043","article-title":"EDOM: Improving energy efficiency of database operations on multicore servers","volume":"105","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"}],"container-title":["Informatica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/journal\/INFORMATICA\/article\/1343\/text","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/journal\/INFORMATICA\/article\/1343\/text","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T07:19:21Z","timestamp":1724915961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/informatica.vu.lt\/doi\/10.15388\/24-INFOR567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.15388\/24-INFOR567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15388\/24-infor567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0868-4952","1822-8844"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0868-4952"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1822-8844"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}