{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:06:32Z","timestamp":1755216392996,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Vilnius University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AML"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background.\u00a0The effect of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy is still under investigation, however scientific studies have shown that pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are at increased risk for severe illness or complications [1]. Risk factors for severe disease and death in pregnancy include maternal age (especially \u226535 years), obesity, preexisting medical comorbidities (particularly hypertension and diabetes or more than one comorbidity), and being unvaccinated [2]. Many societies of obstetricians and gynecologists recommend that all pregnant patients undergo COVID-19 vaccination [1]. The aim of this study is to observe demographic characteristics, including education, place of residence and type of employment of women who chose to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Lithuania, as well as to investigate any adverse reactions following the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and compare the results to published scientific data.Materials and methods.\u00a0An online questionnaire for pregnant women primarily located in Lithuania who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before giving birth has been launched in July, 2021. Data were entered via\u00a0Google Forms\u00a0and analyzed using\u00a0Microsoft Excel\u00a0and\u00a0IBM SPSS Statistics. Literature review was performed on\u00a0PubMed\u00a0and\u00a0Google Scholar\u00a0search engines on inclusion criteria: publication date 2019\u20132021, used keywords\u00a0pregnancy, COVID-19, vaccination, side effects.Results.\u00a0Data were collected from 227 women vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy. It was observed that the most chosen vaccine was Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (196 out of 227 individuals (86%)). More pregnant women confirmed having fever after the second dose compared to the first dose (p=0.006). In addition, injection site pain was the most common local side effect after both doses (98%) and more common after the first dose compared to the second (p=0.002). Regarding systemic reactogenicity more women experienced fatigue after the second dose comparing to the first dose (p=0.01). Furthermore, more women were unable to engage in daily activities after the second dose (p=0.03). All other symptoms did not differ\u00a0after doses 1 and 2.Conclusions.\u00a0Overall findings of this study did not suggest any obvious safety signals among pregnant individuals who received COVID-19 vaccine and all the side effects were comparable to the general population. Completed literature review indicates that pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19 experience the same side effects as individuals in general population and no specific postvaccination reactions among pregnant individuals are observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15388\/amed.2021.29.1.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T06:43:16Z","timestamp":1648536196000},"page":"51-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccination Against COVID-19 Disease During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.15388","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Aust\u0117ja","family":"Voiniu\u0161yt\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Migl\u0117","family":"\u010cerniauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginija","family":"Paliulyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u016bta","family":"Einikyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1481-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Rama\u0161auskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6097","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding. 2021 Dec 6. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/recommendations\/pregnancy.html."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Berghella V, Hughes BL. COVID-19: Pregnancy issues and antenatal care. Literature review current through: Dec 2021. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/covid-19-pregnancy-issues-and-antenatal-care."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses. 2020 Feb 10;12(2):194. doi: 10.3390\/v12020194. PMID: 32050635; PMCID: PMC7077337.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020194"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subbaraman N. Pregnancy and COVID: what the data say. Nature. 2021 Mar;591(7849):193-195. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-00578-y. PMID: 33692561.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00578-y"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adhikari EH, Spong CY. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant and Lactating Women. JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1039-1040. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.1658. PMID: 33555297.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1658"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Shimabukuro TT, Kim SY, Myers TR, Moro PL, Oduyebo T, Panagiotakopoulos L, et al. Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 17;384(24):2273-2282. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2104983. Epub 2021 Apr 21. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 14;385(16):1536. PMID: 33882218; PMCID: PMC8117969."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villar J, Ariff S, Gunier RB, Thiruvengadam R, Rauch S, Kholin A, et al. Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection: The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Aug 1;175(8):817-826. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.1050. Erratum in: JAMA Pediatr. 2021 Nov 15;: PMID: 33885740; PMCID: PMC8063132.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.1050"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Lithuanian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Position of the Lithuanian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists regarding vaccination against COVID-19 infection for women, who plan pregnancy, are pregnant or lactating. 2021 Aug 6. https:\/\/lagd.lt\/data\/public\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2021-08-06_sam_lagd-pozicija-del-planuojanciu-pastoto-nesciuju-ir-zindanciu-moteru-skiepijimo-nuo-covid-19-infekcijos.pdf"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Joubert E, Kekeh AC, Amin CN. COVID-19 and novel mRNA vaccines in pregnancy: an updated literature review. BJOG. 2021 Oct 15:10.1111\/1471-0528.16973. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16973. PMID: 34651406; PMCID: PMC8652509."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): VACCINES SAFETY. World Health Organization. 2021 Sep 21. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines-safety."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible side effects after getting a covid-19 vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 Nov 24. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/expect\/after.html."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pfizer-biontech COVID-19 vaccine reactions & adverse events. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 Nov 5. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/info-by-product\/pfizer\/reactogenicity.html."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New CDC data: COVID-19 Vaccination safe for Pregnant people. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 Aug 11. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2021\/s0811-vaccine-safe-pregnant.html."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Linnakaari R, Helle N, Mentula M, Bloigu A, Gissler M, Heikinheimo O, et al. Trends in the incidence, rate and treatment of miscarriage-nationwide register-study in Finland, 1998-2016. Hum Reprod. 2019 Nov 1;34(11):2120-2128. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez211. PMID: 31747000.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez211"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kharbanda EO, Haapala J, DeSilva M, Vazquez-Benitez G, Vesco KK, Naleway AL, et al. 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