{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:57:51Z","timestamp":1754161071026,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Vilnius University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AML"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background.\u00a0Cleft lip palate is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Multiple defense factors have been described to have possible involvement in the failure in palatal shelve elevation, migration and fusion, most importantly, the role of chronic inflammation. A widespread presence of Gal-10 in different local inflammatory processes has been discussed before, however, knowledge of its involvement in local tissue inflammation in the postnatal cleft palate and tissue regeneration is scant. This study focuses on the detection of appearance and a possible role of Gal-10 in the cleft-affected facial tissue regarding its ontogenetical aspect.Materials and Methods.\u00a0Craniofacial cleft tissue material was obtained from 21 children aged 8 months to 12.7 years undergoing veloplastic or uranoplastic procedure with non-syndromic craniofacial cleft diagnosis in milk or mixed dentition. Control groups for milk dentition were 5 subjects without orofacial defects for milk dentition and 3 subjects with plastic of superior lip frenula for mixed dentition. The number of factor positive cells in the control group and the patient group tissue was evaluated by using the semiquantitative counting method. The data were evaluated with the use of nonparametric statistical methods.Results.\u00a0Elevated levels of Gal-10 were found in the epithelium in correlation with age, from milk to mixed dentition, as well as in both the control and the patient samples. Notable differences in expression can be seen by comparing the milk and the mixed dentition patient muscle tissue, where the milk dentition palate shows a more elevated factor expressed in comparison to the mixed dentition palate.Conclusions.\u00a0The nearly total absence of Gal-10 in the healthy palate with an increase of its expression in the palatal epithelium from the milk to mixed dentition age of cleft-affected children suggests the possible role of this factor in providing the local defense function and the epithelium barrier function. The palatal muscles are not the main place for Gal-10 expression either in healthy or in cleft condition-affected individuals. The sporadic and insignificant appearance of Gal-10 only in the healthy milk dentition age and the mixed dentition age cleft-affected palatal connective tissue prove individual changes in the palatal tissue which does not depend on the specific disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15388\/amed.2025.32.1.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:52:55Z","timestamp":1739850775000},"page":"78-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Galectin-10 Characterization in Cleft Lip Palate\u00a0\u2013 Affected Palatal Tissue"],"prefix":"10.15388","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2104-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alise Elizabete","family":"Rone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9804-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Pilmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6097","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Lace B, Barkane B, Akota I. The most common genetic syndromes and associated anomalies in Latvian patients with cleft lip with or without palate. Stomatologija. 2006;8(2):57-60."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leslie EJ, Marazita ML. Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet. 2013;163C(4):246-258. doi:10.1002\/ajmg.c.31381","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31381"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Worley ML, Patel KG, Kilpatrick LA. Cleft Lip and Palate. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45(4):661-678. doi:10.1016\/j.clp.2018.07.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.07.006"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baroni T, Carinci P, Bellucci C, et al. Cross-talk between interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta3 regulates extracellular matrix production by human fibroblasts from subjects with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. J Periodontol. 2003;74(10):1447-1453. doi:10.1902\/jop.2003.74.10.1447","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.10.1447"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adjei-Fremah S, Worku M. Cowpea polyphenol extract regulates galectin gene expression in bovine blood. Anim Biotechnol. 2021;32(1):1-12. doi:10.1080\/10495398.2019.1640234","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2019.1640234"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu FT, Rabinovich GA. Galectins as modulators of tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(1):29-41. doi:10.1038\/nrc1527","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1527"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodrigues CF, Santos FA, Amorim LAA, da Silva ALC, Marques LGA, Rocha BAM. Galectin-9 is a target for the treatment of cancer: A patent review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;254(Pt 1):127768. doi:10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127768"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ackerman SJ, Liu L, Kwatia MA, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (galectin-10) is not a dual function galectin with lysophospholipase activity but binds a lysophospholipase inhibitor in a novel structural fashion. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(17):14859-14868. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M200221200","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200221200"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nabi IR, Shankar J, Dennis JW. The galectin lattice at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2015;128(13):2213-2219. doi:10.1242\/jcs.151159","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.151159"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weller PF, Wang H, Melo RCN. The Charcot-Leyden crystal protein revisited-A lysopalmitoylphospholipase and more. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;108(1):105-112. doi:10.1002\/JLB.3MR0320-319RR","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR0320-319RR"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vinnai JR, Cumming RC, Thompson GJ, Timoshenko AV. The association between oxidative stress-induced galectins and differentiation of human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Exp Cell Res. 2017;355(2):113-123. doi:10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.059"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De\u0146isova A, Pilmane M, Ka\u017eoka D. Antimicrobial Peptides and Interleukins in Cleft Soft Palate. Children (Basel). 2023;10(7):1162. doi:10.3390\/children10071162","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071162"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaivads M, Akota I, Pilmane M. Cleft Candidate Genes and Their Products in Human Unilateral Cleft Lip Tissue. Diseases. 2021;9(2):26. doi:10.3390\/diseases9020026","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9020026"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Suvarna SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier; 2019."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timoshenko AV. Towards molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of galectins in cancer cells under microenvironmental stress conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015;72(22):4327-4340. doi:10.1007\/s00018-015-2008-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2008-x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ackerman SJ, Liu L, Kwatia MA, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (galectin-10) is not a dual function galectin with lysophospholipase activity but binds a lysophospholipase inhibitor in a novel structural fashion. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(17):14859-14868. doi:10.1074\/jbc.M200221200","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200221200"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heyndrickx I, Deswarte K, Verstraete K, et al. Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity. Elife. 2024;12:RP90676. doi:10.7554\/eLife.90676","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90676"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu YF, Jiang SC, Zhang ZW, et al. Lactose and Galactose Promote the Crystallization of Human Galectin-10. Molecules. 2023;28(4):1979. doi:10.3390\/molecules28041979","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041979"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamour AF, Lee JJ, Wasilewski E, et al. Murine model for chronic rhinosinusitis: an interventional study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;52(1):32. doi:10.1186\/s40463-023-00637-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-023-00637-6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Irurita J, Alem\u00e1n I, L\u00f3pez-L\u00e1zaro S, Viciano J, Botella MC. Chronology of the development of the deciduous dentition in Mediterranean population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;240:95-103. doi:10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.04.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.04.014"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fukuchi M, Miyabe Y, Furutani C, et al. How to detect eosinophil ETosis (EETosis) and extracellular traps. Allergol Int. 2021;70(1):19-29. doi:10.1016\/j.alit.2020.10.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.10.002"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aoki A, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. Eosinophils: Cells known for over 140 years with broad and new functions. Allergol Int. 2021;70(1):3-8. doi:10.1016\/j.alit.2020.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.09.002"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su J. A Brief History of Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein\/Galectin-10 Research. Molecules. 2018;23(11):2931. doi:10.3390\/molecules23112931","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112931"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yeldir N, Tan T, Akay OM, Do\u011fan \u0130\u00d6. Charcot-Leiden Crystals in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Bone Marrow Necrosis. Turk J Haematol. 2023;40(2):128-129. doi:10.4274\/tjh.galenos.2023.2023-0008","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.galenos.2023.2023-0008"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Melo RCN, Wang H, Silva TP, et al. Galectin-10, the protein that forms Charcot-Leyden crystals, is not stored in granules but resides in the peripheral cytoplasm of human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;108(1):139-149. doi:10.1002\/JLB.3AB0220-311R","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3AB0220-311R"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang WA, Tsai MJ, Kuo PL, Hung JY. Role of galectins in lung cancer. Oncol Lett. 2017;14(5):5077-5084. doi:10.3892\/ol.2017.6882","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6882"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Unverdorben L, Haufe T, Santoso L, Hofmann S, Jeschke U, Hutter S. Prototype and Chimera-Type Galectins in Placentas with Spontaneous and Recurrent Miscarriages. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(5):644. doi:10.3390\/ijms17050644","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050644"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Barton B, Peat J. Medical Statistics: A Guide to SPSS. Data Analysis and Critical Appraisal. Wiley; 2014."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"egerter H, Smole U, Heyndrickx I, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;72:72-78. doi:10.1016\/j.coi.2021.03.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.03.013"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomizawa H, Yamada Y, Arima M, et al. Galectin-10 as a Potential Biomarker for Eosinophilic Diseases. Biomolecules. 2022;12(10):1385. doi:10.3390\/biom12101385","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101385"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Z, Hong J, Huang X, Wu D. Olfactory cleft mucus galectin-10 predicts olfactory loss in chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023;130(3):317-324.e1. doi:10.1016\/j.anai.2022.07.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.07.014"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chua JC, Douglass JA, Gillman A, O'Hehir RE, Meeusen EN. Galectin-10, a potential biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42549. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0042549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042549"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albinsson S, Lingblom C, Johansson L, Larsson H, Wenner\u00e5s C. Extracellular distribution of galectin-10 in the esophageal mucosa of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2023;212(2):147-155. doi:10.1093\/cei\/uxad026","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad026"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3Kosowski TR, Weathers WM, Wolfswinkel EM, Ridgway EB. Cleft palate. Semin Plast Surg. 2012;26(4):164-169. doi:10.1055\/s-0033-1333883","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333883"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paiva KBS, Maas CS, Dos Santos PM, Granjeiro JM, Letra A. Extracellular Matrix Composition and Remodeling: Current Perspectives on Secondary Palate Formation, Cleft Lip\/Palate, and Palatal Reconstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019;7:340. doi:10.3389\/fcell.2019.00340","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00340"}],"container-title":["Acta medica Lituanica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.zurnalai.vu.lt\/AML\/article\/download\/36653\/36456","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.zurnalai.vu.lt\/AML\/article\/download\/36653\/40025","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.zurnalai.vu.lt\/AML\/article\/download\/36653\/36456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T12:04:57Z","timestamp":1753704297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.zurnalai.vu.lt\/AML\/article\/view\/36653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15388\/amed.2025.32.1.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2029-4174","1392-0138"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2029-4174"},{"type":"print","value":"1392-0138"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}}}