{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1777640082340,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,16]],"date-time":"2011-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice by 2\u2010 and 13week Inhalation Exposures to Indium\u2010tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Aerosols: Kasuke Nagano, et al., Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association\u2014<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inhalation toxicities of indium\u2010tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (IO) in mice were characterized in comparison with those previously reported in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>B6C3F <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mice of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to ITO or IO aerosol for 6 h\/day, 5 day\/wk for 2 wk at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>or 13 wk at 0, 0.1or 1 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ITO and IO particles were deposited in the lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and nasal\u2010associated lymphoid tissue. Alveolar proteinosis, iniltrations of alveolar macrophages and inlammatory cells and increased lung weight were induced by 2\u2010 and 13\u2010week exposures to ITO and IO, while alveolar epithelial hyperplasia occurred only in the 2\u2010week exposures. Thickened pleural wall, hyperplastic MLN, extra medullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and increased levels of erythrocyte parameters were induced by 13\u2010week exposure to ITO. The ITO\u2010 and IO\u2010induced pulmonary lesions were milder in mice than those previously reported in rats, and the ibrotic lesions were different between these two species. Indium levels in the lung and pooled blood were analyzed in the mice exposed to ITO and IO for 13 wk. In the 13\u2010week inhalation exposure of mice to ITO, alveolar proteinosis and significantly increased lung weight were induced at the same exposure concentration as the current threshold limit value for indium and its compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.10-0053-br","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T05:20:20Z","timestamp":1300252820000},"page":"234-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice by 2\u2010 and 13\u2010week Inhalation Exposures to Indium\u2010tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Aerosols"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kasuke","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoshi","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Eitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heihachiro","family":"Arito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1022CR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pulmonary disorders in indium\u2010processing workers","volume":"46","author":"Nogami H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J JPN Respir 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