{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1785599186662,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":155,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Assessment of the Genotoxicity of 1,2\u2010Dichloropropane and Dichloromethane after Individual and Co\u2010exposure by Inhalation in Mice: Tetsuya SUZUKI, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Division of Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health\u2014<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma was recently reported at a high incidence rate among the employees working for an offset printing company in Osaka, Japan. 1,2\u2010Dichloropropane (1,2\u2010DCP) and dichloromethane (DCM) are suspected to be the causes of the cancer, as they had been used as ink cleaners in large amounts. However, it is not clear whether these chlorinated organic solvents played a role in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma or why the incidence rate is so high among the workers in this industry. To provide possible evidence for this severe occupational problem, we investigated the genotoxic effects of 1,2\u2010DCP and DCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male B6C3F1 and <jats:italic>gpt<\/jats:italic> Delta C57BL\/6J mice were exposed by inhalation to the individual solvents or both solvents at multiple concentrations including the levels that were possibly present in the workplaces. The genotoxicity was analyzed by <jats:italic>Pig\u2010a<\/jats:italic> gene mutation and micronuclei assays in peripheral blood and <jats:italic>gpt<\/jats:italic> mutation and comet assays in the livers of mice after repeated inhalation of 1,2\u2010DCP or\/and DCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Pig\u2010a<\/jats:italic> mutant frequencies and micronuclei incidences were not significantly increased by exposure of either 1,2\u2010DCP or\/and DCM at any concentration, suggesting there was no genotoxic potential in bone marrow for both solvents. In the liver, DNA damage, as measured by the comet assay, was dose dependently increased by 1,2\u2010DCP but not by DCM. The <jats:italic>gpt<\/jats:italic> mutant frequency was 2.6\u2010fold that of the controls in the co\u2010exposure group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that 1,2\u2010DCP showed stronger genotoxicity in the liver and that the genotoxic effects were greatly enhanced by simultaneous exposure to DCM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.13-0236-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T23:59:35Z","timestamp":1397692775000},"page":"205-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Assessment of the Genotoxicity of 1,2\u2010Dichloropropane and Dichloromethane after Individual and Co\u2010exposure by Inhalation in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Effects Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukie","family":"Yanagiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Effects Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Effects Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui\u2010Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Effects Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Japan Web site. 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