{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T01:59:46Z","timestamp":1770688786011,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":94,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Assessment of Exposure to Voices and Noise via Earphones in Manufacturing Industry Workers in Japan: Tomo NAKAO, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan\u2014<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is concern that sound via earphones and headphones attached to headsets used in workplaces may be a risk factor for noise\u2010induced hearing loss (NIHL). Although there are some previous studies investigating exposure to noise from headphones, almost none have assessed the risks to workers who use earphones. We assessed exposure to noise among workers who regularly wear earphones in noisy workplaces.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects of this study were 21 workers who regularly wear earphones in three manufacturing companies in Japan. The sound pressure output from earphones and personal exposure to occupational noise was measured for each worker. A noise\u2010dosimeter was used to measure individual exposure to occupational noise. The sound pressure output from the earphones was measured by recording the electric signal with a data recorder attached to the earphones, and the recording was analyzed by playing it back in the laboratory through a sound analyzer via an ear simulator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean scores for personal exposure and earphone output <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Aeq<\/jats:sub> were 87.9 dB and 87.6 dB, respectively. Earphone output <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Aeq<\/jats:sub> exceeded 85 dB for two\u2010thirds of the subjects. Nearly all the subjects lacked hearing protection devices (HPDs) on their earphones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that workers who use earphones in noisy workplaces are exposed to the following NIHL risk factors: (1) they are deprived of the opportunity to fit appropriate HPDs, and (2) the sound pressure output from the earphones themselves exceeds the occupational exposure limit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.13-0285-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T23:07:48Z","timestamp":1403305668000},"page":"285-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Exposure to Voices and Noise via Earphones in Manufacturing Industry Workers in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tomo","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masazumi","family":"Kakei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikuno","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine &amp; Occupational Health, EMG Marketing Godo Kaisha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shared\u2010Use Research Center, Facility for Education and Research Support University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seichi","family":"Horie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare: Results of specific medical examination. [Online].2007[cited 2013 Oct 26]; Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/roudoukijun\/anzeneisei11\/02.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Use of portable audio devices by university students","volume":"35","author":"Ahmed S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Acoust"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Acoustic characteristics of earphones and issues of IEC60711 coupler","volume":"66","author":"Hirahara T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"ZogbyJ BruceJ WittmanR.Survey of Teens and Adults about the Use of Personal Electronic Devices and Head Phones. [Online].2006[cited 2013 Oct 26]; Available from: URL:www.asha.org\/uploadedFiles\/about\/news\/atitbtot\/zogby_survey2006.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Observations of noise exposure through the use of headphones by radio announcers","volume":"5","author":"Williams W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1995.10387640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-682X(96)00019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"The effects of noise on telephone operators","volume":"21","author":"Alexander RW","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Assessment of the noise exposure of call centre operators","volume":"46","author":"Patel JA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"842","article-title":"Temporary threshold shifts at 1500 and 2000 Hz induced by loud voice signals communicated through earphones in the pinball industry","volume":"54","author":"Idota N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"387","article-title":"Japan Society for Occupational Health: Recommendation of occupational exposure limits","volume":"54","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Japan International Center for Occupational Safety and Health: Guidelines for the Prevention of Noise\u2010Induced Impairments. [Online].1992[cited 2013 Oct 26]; Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.jniosh.go.jp\/icpro\/jicosh\u2010old\/english\/guideline\/Guide\u20101.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Japan International Center for Occupational Safety and Health: Industrial Safety and Health Law. [Online].2006[cited in 2013 Oct 26]; Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.jniosh.go.jp\/icpro\/jicosh\u2010old\/japanese\/country\/japan\/laws\/01_occ\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"587","volume-title":"The Noise Manual","author":"Berger EH","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.M7006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Hearing conservation standards for occupational noise exposure of workers from headphones or insert earphones","volume":"17","author":"Macrae JH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust J Audiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1539%2Fjoh.13-0285-OA","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.13-0285-OA","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.13-0285-OA","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T18:08:01Z","timestamp":1705082881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/56\/4\/285-291\/7250639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1539\/joh.13-0285-OA"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/joh.13-0285-oa","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9145","1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9145","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}