{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T19:22:04Z","timestamp":1791746524849,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]],"date-time":"2015-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        Prioritizing Factors Associated with Thermal Stresses Imposed on Workers in Steel and Iron Casting Industries Using the Monte Carlo Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis: Wang\u2010Yi CHEN,\n                        <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan\u2014\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to develop approaches for monitoring and prioritizing factors associated with thermal stresses imposed on workers in iron and steel casting industries, and to eventually purpose effective control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The whole study was completed in the furnace areas of two steel casting and two iron casting plants, where the air temperature (T\n                      <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), radiant temperature (T\n                      <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), air velocity (V\n                      <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and partial water vapor pressure (p\n                      <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were measured continuously during two consecutive work cycles. Simultaneously, the metabolic rates (M) of all workers in the furnace area were also measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using the WBGT as an index for screening purposes, our results suggest that all furnace area workers in both types of casting plants might experience severe heat stress. The predicted heat strain (PHS) model proposed by ISO 7933 was further adopted for detailed analysis from the physiological aspect. Through use of the Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis, both M and T\n                      <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>\n                      were found to be the two most important factors associated with workers' thermal hazard. Therefore, two effective control strategies were suggested, including reducing workloads of workers and reducing radiant heat transmitting from furnaces to workplace environments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The approach developed in the present study would be beneficial to many other industries for initiating strategies to avert the thermal hazard imposed on workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.14-0078-fs","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T20:19:41Z","timestamp":1410380381000},"page":"505-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prioritizing Factors Associated with Thermal Stresses Imposed on Workers in Steel and Iron Casting Industries Using the Monte Carlo Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Wang\u2010Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Medical College, National Cheng Kung University Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Occupational Safety &amp; Health Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuh\u2010Lun","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Medical College, National Cheng Kung University Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, China Medical University Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yow\u2010Jer","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Safety and Health Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chungsik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Seoul National University Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perng\u2010Jy","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Medical College, National Cheng Kung University Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Public Health, China Medical University Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"The effects of hot, moderate and cold temperatures on human health, comfort and performance","author":"Parsons K","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Worldwide, Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and 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