{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:35:50Z","timestamp":1793291750174,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,25]],"date-time":"2015-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Scintigraphic assessment of renal function in steel plant workers occupationally exposed to lead: Teresa W<jats:sc>ro\u0144ska<\/jats:sc>\u2010N<jats:sc>ofer<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Poland<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational exposure to lead may produce kidney damage, but existing data on the dose range associated with nephrotoxicity are inconclusive. We here assessed renal function under conditions of low to moderate lead exposure using renal scintigraphy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010three male foundrymen (exposed group) and fourty male office workers (control group) from a steel plant were included in the study. Glomerular and tubular renal function were assessed by means of <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010DTPA and <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010EC clearance, respectively. Urinary markers of glomerular dysfunction (albumin) and tubular damage (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>M), \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin (\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>M), retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP), N\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010glucosaminidase (NAG) activity) were determined using latex beads tests or colorimetry. The lead concentration in blood was measured with atomic absorption spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The blood lead concentrations were 145.8 (121.3\u2212175.3) and 39.3 (35.1\u221244.1) \u00b5g\/<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic> (geometric mean, 95<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> CI, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) in the exposed and control groups, respectively. Subjects exposed to lead presented with increased <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010DTPA clearance (158.3 (148.4\u2212168.8) vs. 135.9 (127.9\u2212144.4) m<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>\/min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and urinary albumin excretion (7.61 (6.28\u22129.22) vs. 4.78 (4.05\u22125.65) mg\/g creatinine; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010EC clearance and excretion of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>M, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>M, RBP and NAG were not significantly different between the groups. Significant correlations between <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc\u2010DTPA clearance and blood lead concentrations (r=0.45; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and between urinary albumin excretion and blood lead concentrations (r=0.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) were noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of renal scintigraphy in present study revealed measurable alterations of renal function under the conditions of lowlevel lead exposure and suggest that increased glomerular filtration may be an early indicator of kidney damage in subjects occupationally exposed to lead.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.14-0115-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T09:27:04Z","timestamp":1426238824000},"page":"91-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Scintigraphic assessment of renal function in steel plant workers occupationally exposed to lead"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Wron\u00b4ska\u2010Nofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pisarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Holycross Cancer Center Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Trzcinka\u2010Ochocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Ha\u0142atek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Stetkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Braziewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Holycross Cancer Center Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy\u2010Roch","family":"Nofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Laboratory Medicine University Hospital M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Wa\u0105sowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Renal health and the environment: heavy metal nephrotoxicity","volume":"32","author":"Sabath E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105928"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229909085087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria 165","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. 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