{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:05:10Z","timestamp":1792674310832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2108,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report reviews the carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) in experimental animals, concentrating on MWNT-7, a straight fibrous MWCNT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MWCNTs were administered to mice and rats by intraperitoneal injection, intrascrotal injection, subcutaneous injection, intratracheal instillation and inhalation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraperitoneal injection of MWNT-7 induced peritoneal mesothelioma in mice and rats. Intrascrotal injection induced peritoneal mesothelioma in rats. Intratracheal instillation of MWCNT-N (another straight fibrous MWCNT) induced both lung carcinoma and pleural mesothelioma in rats. In the whole body inhalation studies, in mice MWNT-7 promoted methylcholanthrene-initiated lung carcinogenesis. In rats, inhalation of MWNT-7 induced lung carcinoma and lung burdens of MWNT-7 increased with increasing concentration of airborne MWNT-7 and increasing duration of exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Straight, fibrous MWCNTs exerted carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Phagocytosis of MWCNT fibers by macrophages was very likely to be a principle factor in MWCNT lung carcinogenesis. Using no-observed-adverse-effect level-based approach, we calculated that the occupational exposure limit (OEL) of MWNT-7 for cancer protection is 0.15 \u03bcg\/m3 for a human worker. Further studies on the effects of the shape and size of MWCNT fibers and mode of action on the carcinogenicity are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.17-0102-ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T18:09:00Z","timestamp":1508263740000},"page":"10-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: challenging issue on hazard assessment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Shoji","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment , Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Umeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiharu","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety , Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0001","article-title":"OECD: Testing Programme of Manufactured Nanomaterials - Dossiers and Endpoints","volume-title":"Chemical safety and biosafety. Safety of manufactured nanomaterials","author":"Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0002","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Biological effects of mineral fibers. IARC Scientific Publication No. 30","author":"Pott","year":"1980"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0003","first-page":"965","article-title":"Relation of particle dimension to carcinogenicity in amphibole asbestoses and other fibrous minerals","volume":"67","author":"Stanton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.105","article-title":"Induction of mesothelioma in p53+\/- mouse by intraperitoneal application of multiwall carbon nanotube","volume":"33","author":"Takagi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110013108","article-title":"Diameter and rigidity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes are critical factors in mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis","volume":"108","author":"Nagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-014-0059-z","article-title":"The carcinogenic effect of various multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) after intraperitoneal injection in rats","volume":"11","author":"Rittinghausen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part Fiber Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.65","article-title":"Induction of mesothelioma by a single intrascrotal administration of multiwall carbon nanotube in intact male Fischer 344 rats","volume":"34","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02318.x","article-title":"Dose-dependent mesothelioma induction by intraperitoneal administration of multiwall carbon nanotubes in p53 heterozygous mice","volume":"103","author":"Takagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.111","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Poland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2015.1051611","article-title":"Inhalation exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF): Methodology and dosimetry","volume":"18","author":"Oberd\u00f6rster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2013.766277","article-title":"Development of a new multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) aerosol generation and exposure system and confirmation of suitability for conducting a single-exposure inhalation study of MWCNT in rats","volume":"8","author":"Kasai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanotoxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2014.933903","article-title":"Thirteen-week study of toxicity of fiber-like multiwalled carbon nanotubes with whole-body inhalation exposure in rats","volume":"9","author":"Kasai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanotoxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.26.131","article-title":"Two-Week Toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by whole-body inhalation exposure in rats","volume":"26","author":"Umeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370802712713","article-title":"Computer controlled multiwalled carbon nanotube inhalation exposure system","volume":"21","author":"McKinney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2012.719649","article-title":"Acute pulmonary dose-responses to inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"7","author":"Porter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotoxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-3","article-title":"Promotion of lung adenocarcinoma following inhalation exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"11","author":"Sargent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820903002423","article-title":"Generation of airborne multiwalled carbon nanotubes for inhalation studies","volume":"43","author":"Fujitani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs161","article-title":"Persistent DNA damage measured by comet assay of Sprague Dawley rat lung cells after five days of inhalation exposure and 1 month postexposure to dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) generated by new MWCNT aerosol generation system","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701479190","article-title":"Generation and characterization of test atmospheres with nanomaterials","volume":"19","author":"Ma-Hock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm196","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic immune response to inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"100","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-008-9450-8","article-title":"Aerosol generation and measurement of multiwall carbon nanotubes","volume":"11","author":"Myojo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nanoparticle Research"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1188","article-title":"A simple approach to validation of directed-flow noseonly inhalation chambers","volume":"27","author":"Pauluhn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.305","article-title":"Inhaled carbon nanotubes reach the subpleural tissue in mice","volume":"4","author":"Ryman-Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.38.619","article-title":"An improved dispersion method of multiwall carbon nanotube for inhalation toxicity studies of experimental animals","volume":"38","author":"Taquahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp146","article-title":"Inhalation toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes in rats exposed for 3 months","volume":"112","author":"Ma-Hock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp247","article-title":"Subchronic 13-week inhalation exposure of rats to multiwalled carbon nanotubes: toxic effects are determined by density of agglomerate structures, not fibrillar structures","volume":"113","author":"Pauluhn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-016-0164-2","article-title":"Lung carcinogenicity of inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotube in rats","volume":"13","author":"Kasai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MS1128","article-title":"Characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotubes for an intratracheal instillation study with rats","volume":"48","author":"Takaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0029","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Relevance of particle-induced rat lung tumors for assessing lung carcinogenic hazard and human lung cancer risk","volume":"105","author":"Mauderly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(71)90010-7","article-title":"Experimental asbestos carcinogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Reeves","year":"1971","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.327","article-title":"Nanotoxicology: New insights into nanotubes","volume":"4","author":"Donaldson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12954","article-title":"Multiwalled carbon nanotubes intratracheally instilled into the rat lung induce development of pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors","volume":"107","author":"Suzui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12005","article-title":"Multiwalled carbon nanotubes translocate into the pleural cavity and induce visceral mesothelial proliferation in rats","volume":"103","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Science"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12437","article-title":"Size- and shape-dependent pleural translocation, deposition, fibrogenesis, and mesothelial proliferation by multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"105","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12394","article-title":"Risk Assessment of the Carbon Nanotube Group","volume":"35","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Risk Analysis"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-5","article-title":"Asbestos, carbon nanotubes and the pleural mesothelium: a review of the hypothesis regarding the role of long fibre retention in the parietal pleura, inflammation and mesothelioma","volume":"7","author":"Donaldson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12093","article-title":"Intraperitoneal administration of tangled multiwalled carbon nanotubes of 15 nm in diameter does not induce mesothelial carcinogenesis in rats","volume":"63","author":"Nagai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp100","article-title":"Absence of carcinogenic response to multiwall carbon nanotubes in a 104-week bioassay in the peritoneal cavity of the rat","volume":"110","author":"Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm243","article-title":"Clastogenic and aneugenic effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes in epithelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Muller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800101p","article-title":"Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes: toxicological aspects","volume":"21","author":"Muller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00498","article-title":"Carcinogenicity evaluation for the application of carbon nanotubes as biomaterials in rasH2 mice","volume":"2","author":"Takanashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MS1213","article-title":"Translocation of intratracheally instilled multiwall carbon nanotubes to lung-associated lymph nodes in rats","volume":"49","author":"Aiso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370490439597","article-title":"Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain","volume":"16","author":"Oberd\u00f6rster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inhal toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.02.017","article-title":"A determination method of pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation exposure by combustive oxidation-nondispersive infrared analysis","volume":"84","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8849","DOI":"10.1021\/nn403302s","article-title":"Extraction and quantification of carbon nanotubes in biological matrices with application to rat lung tissue","volume":"7","author":"Doudrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-8-30","article-title":"Novel method using hybrid markers: development of an approach for pulmonary measurement of multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"8","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-016-0132-7","article-title":"Improved method for measurement of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in rat lung","volume":"11","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-33","article-title":"Distribution and fibrotic response following inhalation exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"10","author":"Mercer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-38","article-title":"Extrapulmonary transport of MWCNT following inhalation exposure","volume":"10","author":"Mercer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part fibre toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903523378","article-title":"Effects of subchronic exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes on mice","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environmen Part A"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.040","article-title":"Length-dependent retention of carbon nanotubes in the pleural space of mice initiates sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis on the parietal pleura","volume":"178","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.05.003","article-title":"Nanotoxicity: challenging the myth of nano-specific toxicity","volume":"24","author":"Donaldson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12396","article-title":"The origin and future of oxidative stress pathology: From the recognition of carcinogenesis as an iron addiction with ferroptosis - resistance to non - thermal plasma therapy","volume":"66","author":"Toyokuni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfj130","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes: a review of their properties in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety","volume":"92","author":"Donaldson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.834855","article-title":"The role of iron impurities in the toxic effects exerted by short multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in murine alveolar macrophages","volume":"76","author":"Aldieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12865","article-title":"Role of hemoglobin and transferrin in multi - wall carbon nanotube - induced mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7339","article-title":"Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles","volume":"113","author":"Oberd\u00f6rster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ health perspect"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.03.014","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays","volume":"63","author":"Ema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.11.013","article-title":"Understanding the interaction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with mutagenic organic pollutants using computational modeling and biological experiments","volume":"30","author":"Umbuzeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Analyt Chem"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.09.013","article-title":"In vitro genotoxicity testing strategy for nanomaterials and the adaptation of current OECD guidelines","volume":"745","author":"Doak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L9150","article-title":"Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells in comparison with chrysotile A fibers","volume":"52","author":"Asakura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-015-0003-y","article-title":"Mechanism of induction of binucleated cells by multiwalled carbon nanotubes as revealed by live-cell imaging analysis","volume":"37","author":"Yasui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Environ"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2012.674571","article-title":"Genotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems","volume":"7","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-6","article-title":"Genotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at occupationally relevant doses","volume":"11","author":"Siegrist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.16-0099-OA","article-title":"In vitro chromosomal aberrations induced by various shapes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)","volume":"58","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-015-0108-2","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of protein carbonylation: a useful tool to unravel nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Driessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(79)90008-2","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of fibers and films: a theory","volume":"5","author":"Archer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-28","article-title":"Distribution and persistence of pleural penetrations by multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"7","author":"Mercer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71109-X","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of fluoro-edenite, silicon carbide fibres and whiskers, and carbon nanotubes","volume":"15","author":"Grosse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01208.x","article-title":"Lack of a dose-response relationship for carcinogenicity in the rat liver with low doses of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline or N-nitrosodiethylamine","volume":"93","author":"Fukushima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470622728.ch8","article-title":"Threshold for genotoxic carcinogen: evidence from mechanism-based carcinogenicity studies","volume-title":"Cancer risk assessment","author":"Fukushima","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0072","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Thresholuds of genotoxic carcinogens of DNA-reactive compound","author":"Fukushima","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01761.x","article-title":"Low-dose carcinogenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in rats: Evidence for the existence of no-effect levels and a mechanism involving p21 (Cip \/ WAF1)","volume":"102","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TX00126E","article-title":"A no observed adverse effect level for DNA adduct formation in rat liver with repeat prolonged dosing of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801663-3.00002-9","volume-title":"Thresholuds of genotoxic carcinogens of DNA-reactive compounds","author":"Kobets","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3123\/jemsge.30.114","article-title":"The concept of \u201cpractical thresholds\u201d in the derivation of occupational exposure limits for carcinogens by the scientific committee on occupational exposure limits (SCOEL) of the European Union","volume":"30","author":"Bolt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes and Environ"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801663-3.00008-X","volume-title":"Thresholuds of genotoxic carcinogens of DNA-reactive compounds","author":"Bolt","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0078","volume-title":"Current Intelligence Bulletin 65, Occupational Exposure to Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2013-145","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024071807425093000_joh2060001003-bib-0079","volume-title":"Benchmark dose software version 2.6 user\u2019s manual. EPA\/ 100\/R-12\/001","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA)","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1539%2Fjoh.17-0102-RA","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.17-0102-RA","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/10\/58561511\/joh2060001003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/60\/1\/10\/58561511\/joh2060001003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T03:43:54Z","timestamp":1721274234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/60\/1\/10\/7250967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/joh.17-0102-ra","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9145","1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9145","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}