{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T21:57:56Z","timestamp":1753739876876},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,30]],"date-time":"2003-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Lack of Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide and Endocrine Dysfunction: A Six\u2010year Cohort Study of the Japanese Rayon Workers: Toru Takebayashi, <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic> Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A six\u2010year prospective cohort study was conducted to clarify whether the current carbon disulfide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) exposure level is low enough to prevent subclinical health impairment and\/or to ameliorate health effects due to previous high exposure. This paper describes the follow\u2010up results, exposure assessment, and effects on the endocrine system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study subjects were 432 male workers exposed to CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at one of the 11 rayon factories in Japan and 402 referent workers from the same factories, all of whom were examined in 1992\u201393. 251 CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposed, 140 former\u2010exposed and 359 referent workers participated in the follow\u2010up survey (follow\u2010up rate 89.9%) in 1998\u201399. Urinary 2\u2010thiothiazolidine\u20104carboxylic acid (TTCA) at the end of a shift as internal exposure index and the time\u2010weighted average CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration as external exposure index were measured twice a year from 1992\u20131993. By using various blood indices, we evaluated effects on thyroid, hypophysis, and gonad function, as well as effects on glucose metabolism. Information on potential confounding factors, such as age, smoking and alcohol drinking, were collected and adjusted for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the individual exposure level was represented by arithmetic mean for TTCA and CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration, geometric means (SD) of CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> workers were 1.61 (1.91) mg\/g.crea and 5.02 (1.84) ppm, respectively. There were no exposure\u2010related differences in glucose metabolism or any of the endocrinological indices. Conclusions\u2014No biologically significant effects of CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were found on endocrine function in Japanese rayon manufacturing workers when the average internal and external exposure levels were maintained below the current occupational exposure limit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,23]],"date-time":"2004-03-23T01:02:36Z","timestamp":1080003756000},"page":"111-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Lack of Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide and Endocrine Dysfunction: A Six\u2010year Cohort Study of the Japanese Rayon Workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Takebayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine, Keio University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine, Keio University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Nomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine, Keio University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takamoto","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine, Keio University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuneyuki","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Research and Development Center Japan Industrial Safety and Health 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