{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T09:08:15Z","timestamp":1776503295271,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Acute Lethal Toxicity, Hyperkalemia Associated with Renal Injury and Hepatic Damage after Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Nitrate in Rats: Emi D<jats:sc>ote<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (CdN) is commonly used in Ni\u2010Cd battery factories. The possibility of accidental exposure to CdN is great. CdN is very soluble in water compared to other Cd compounds. Therefore, acute toxicity would be expected to be quick due to rapid absorption after exposure. However, the mechanisms of CdN toxicity have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the acute lethal toxicity and harmful systemic effects of acute exposure to large doses of CdN. The lethal dose and dose\u2010response study of the liver and kidney were determined after intravenous administration of CdN in rats. The LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of CdN was determined to be 5.5 mg\/ kg. Doses of 2.1, 4.2, 6.3 mg\/kg were selected for the dose\u2010response study. Liver injury was induced at doses greater than 4.2 mg\/kg. Severe hepatic injury occurred in the 6.3 mg\/kg group, which would have been caused by acute exposure to the high concentration of Cd that exceeded the critical concentration in hepatic tissue. A remarkable decrease in urine volume in the 6.3 mg\/ kg group indicated acute renal failure. A decrease in creatinine clearance suggested acute glomerular dysfunction at doses greater than 4.2 mg\/kg. Increases in urinary N\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucosaminidase\/creatinine, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin and glucose in the 6.3 mg\/kg group indicated proximal tubular injury. Secretion of K ion was also severely affected by proximal tubular injury and severe decreases in urine volume, and an increase in serum K ion was identified at doses greater than 4.2 mg\/kg. Thus severe hyperkalemia might be associated with the cardiac\u2010derived lethal toxicity of CdN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.49.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T05:37:37Z","timestamp":1172122657000},"page":"17-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Acute Lethal Toxicity, Hyperkalemia Associated with Renal Injury and Hepatic Damage after Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Nitrate in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emi","family":"Dote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomotaro","family":"Dote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Shimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health Osaka Medical College Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cadmium 92","author":"Yates EM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey.Mineral commodity summaries January2005. (online) available from <http:\/\/minerals.vsgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/cadmium\/> (accessed 2006\u201001\u201010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Cadmium markets and trends","author":"Morrow H","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Material Safety Data Sheet","author":"Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria","author":"International Programme on Chemical Safety","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"The effects of acute cadmium administration in the liver and kidney of the rat. Light and electron microscopic studies","volume":"32","author":"Hoffmann EO","year":"1975","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(90)90256-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Casarett & Doull's toxicology: The basic science of poisons","author":"Curtis DK","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Evaluation of the impact of cadmium on the health of man","author":"National Library of Medicene","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(77)80020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298667991429813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(93)90111-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-003-0499-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0461(2000)14:2<110::AID-JBT7>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90181-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(89)90124-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health effects of cadmium exposure\u2010 review of the literature and a risk estimate","volume":"24","author":"Jarup L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"The effects of acute cadmium administration in the liver and kidney of the rat. Light and electron microscopic studies","volume":"32","author":"Hoffmann EO","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(76)90146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:104:3:223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81476-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90285-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1539%2Fjoh.49.17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.49.17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.49.17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T18:16:41Z","timestamp":1705083401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/49\/1\/17-24\/7269462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1539\/joh.49.17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/joh.49.17","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9145","1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9145","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}