{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:50:51Z","timestamp":1793170251352,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]],"date-time":"2007-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Evaluation of the Effect of Heat Exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System by Heart Rate Variability and Urinary Catecholamines: Shinji Y<jats:sc>amamoto<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Hygiene, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine<\/jats:bold>\u2014The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of heart rate variability (HRV) and urinary catecholamines (CA) as objective indices of heat stress effect. We examined physiological responses, subjective symptoms, HRV and urinary CA to evaluate the effect of heat exposure on the autonomic nervous system. Six healthy male students volunteered for this study. They were exposed on different days to either a thermoneutral condition at wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 21\u00b0C, or a heated condition at WBGT 35\u00b0C for 30 min, while seated on a chair. In the thermoneutral condition, differences of all parameters between the values before and after 30 min exposure were not statistically significant. In the heated condition, heart rate, body temperature and scores for subjective symptoms (feverishness, sweating, mood, and face flushing) significantly increased after 30 min exposure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Also, the high frequency component (HF%) of HRV significantly decreased and the low frequency\/high frequency (LF\/ HF) ratio of HRV significantly increased after 30 min exposure to the heated condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences between the amounts of urinary CA before and after the 30 min exposures; however, the norepinephrine amount after 30 min exposure to the heated condition was significantly greater than that of the thermoneutral condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The heat exposure (WBGT 35\u00b0C) induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system and a withdrawal of the parasympathetic nervous system. These findings coincide with observed changes of heart rate, body temperature and subjective symptoms. It is suggested that HRV (HF% and LF\/HF ratio) and urinary norepinephrine may be useful objective indices of heat stress; HRV seems to be more sensitive to heat stress than urinary CA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.49.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,14]],"date-time":"2007-06-14T04:07:38Z","timestamp":1181794058000},"page":"199-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Evaluation of the Effect of Heat Exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System by Heart Rate Variability and Urinary Catecholamines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Shinji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieko","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaiwa","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Heat stress at work","volume":"44","author":"Sawada S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Preventive Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"570","article-title":"Industrial hygienic measures for heat stress at work: TLV for hot work environments","volume":"7","author":"Sawada S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Industrial Safety and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Survey on deaths due to heat\u2010related illness in 2005","author":"Industrial Health Division","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Preventive measures for heat\u2010related illness","author":"Labour Standards Bureau","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Practical use of the WBGT\u2010index on preventive measures for heat\u2010related illness","author":"Industrial Safety and Health Department","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Factors affecting heat illness when working in conditions of thermal stress","volume":"25","author":"Bates G","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hum Ergol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Heat injury and prevention at the work place","volume":"42","author":"Horie S","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"JIBP synthesis","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Physiology","author":"Willis WD","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01818954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Sustained attention and serial responding in heat: mental effort in the control of performance","volume":"63","author":"Razmjou S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2002.1032636"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization.Hot environments\u2010estimation of the heat stress on working man based on the WBGT\u2010index (wet bulb glove temperature). 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