{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:23:20Z","timestamp":1771478600060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,7]],"date-time":"2008-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Trichloroethylene Causes Generalized Hypersensitivity Skin Disorders Complicated by Hepatitis: Michihiro K<jats:sc>amijima<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine<\/jats:bold>\u2014Idiosyncratic generalized skin disorders complicated by hepatitis, which resemble severe drug hypersensitivities, occur sporadically in workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) in China. However, it has been a matter of controversy whether the solvent itself, not its impurities or stabilizers, can cause hypersensitivity reactions or not. This study aimed to characterize the exposure of hospitalized patients and their healthy colleagues. TCE metabolites were measured in urine of 19 hospitalized patients suffering from the disorders. To assess the exposure of patients' healthy colleagues, on\u2010site surveys were conducted in 6 factories where the disorders occurred and in 2 control factories without such occurrences despite TCE use. Urinalysis of the patients detected trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in all of them. Its average concentration in the end\u2010of\u2010shift urine was estimated to be 206 mg\/l. On\u2010site survey of healthy exposed workers revealed that the maximum urinary TCA concentrations and the maximum time\u2010weighted average concentrations of personal TCE exposure were 318\u20131,617 mg\/l and 164\u20132,330 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, respectively. There was no common impurity in TCE used in the factories. These results suggested that TCE itself caused the skin hypersensitivity disorders, and that the disorders occurred in factories where TCE metabolites could be extensively accumulated, possibly due to long working hours. Since the lowest TCA concentration in the end\u2010of\u2010shift urine of the patients was estimated to be 72\u201380 mg\/l, it is recommended to control TCE exposure to keep the urinary TCA concentration below 50 mg\/l to reduce the disease risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.l8013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,7]],"date-time":"2008-08-07T05:53:15Z","timestamp":1218088395000},"page":"328-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Trichloroethylene Causes Generalized Hypersensitivity Skin Disorders Complicated by Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Kamijima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of 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