{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:40:53Z","timestamp":1790160053940,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Oral Toxicity of Indium in Rats: Single and 28\u2010Day Repeated Administration Studies: Keiko A<jats:sc>sakura<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine<\/jats:bold>\u2014Indium is widely used in the electronics industry to make semiconductors, liquid\u2010crystal panels, and plasma display panels, and its production is increasing. However, it is necessary to handle it more cautiously than before, because the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled indium has been identified. The present study aimed to characterize the potential toxic effects of indium through oral administration and observation for fourteen days following a single dose of 0 or 2,000 mg\/kg (acute oral toxicity study), and repeated oral administration for 28 days at dose levels of 0, 40, 200, or 1,000 mg\/kg daily (28\u2010day repeated oral dose toxicity study) to male and female Crj:CD (SD) IGS rats (SPF). No deaths and no abnormalities in clinical signs, body weights, and necropsy findings were observed for any of the animals in the acute oral toxicity study. Furthermore, no changes related to indium were also observed in the dose groups up to 1,000 mg\/kg of the 28\u2010day repeated oral dose toxicity study. From the results described above, the lethal dose 50% (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of indium is greater than 2,000 mg\/kg under these study conditions, and the no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect\u2010level (NOAEL) is considered to be 1,000 mg\/kg for males and females under these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.l8070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T05:57:47Z","timestamp":1229493467000},"page":"471-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral Toxicity of Indium in Rats: Single and 28\u2010Day Repeated Administration Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Asakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahide","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Packaging Technology Solutions Production Engineering Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Packaging Technology Solutions Production Engineering Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Omae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Keio University School of Medicine Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.10012704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1994.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1994.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program:Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of indium phosphide (CAS No. 22398\u201090\u20107) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies).Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 7\u2013340(2001)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/64.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.23.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31815976a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264040113-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pulmonary disorders in indium\u2010processing workers","volume":"46","author":"Nogami H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399409531936"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Indium\u2010tin oxide (ITO) niyoru kanshitsuseihaien ni tuite\u2010 shokubakannkyou kaizen no kouka","volume":"43","author":"Chonan T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1539%2Fjoh.L8070","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.L8070","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1539\/joh.L8070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1705083486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/50\/6\/471-479\/7270055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1539\/joh.L8070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1539\/joh.l8070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9145","1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9145","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}