{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:42:39Z","timestamp":1780342959384,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]],"date-time":"2010-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Study of Indium\u2010Tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Following Intratracheal Instillations into the Lungs of Hamsters: Akiyo T<jats:sc>anaka<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to clarify the chronic toxicological effects of indium\u2010tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (In<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) on laboratory animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Syrian golden hamsters were intratracheally administered 3 mg\/kg or 6 mg\/kg of ITO particles, or 2.7 mg\/kg or 5.4 mg\/kg of In<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> particles, containing 2.2 mg\/kg or 4.5 mg\/kg of indium, twice a week, for 8 wk. Control hamsters were given vehicle of distilled water only. The hamsters were euthanized serially up to 78 wk after the final instillation and the toxicological effects were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body weight gain was significantly suppressed in the ITO 6 mg\/kg\u2010treated hamsters compared with the control group, but not in the ITO 3 mg\/kg\u2010treated or In<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated hamsters. Relative lung weights among all the indium\u2010treated groups were significantly increased compared to that in the control group throughout the observation period. The serum indium concentration among all the indium\u2010treated groups gradually increased up to the end of the observation period. Histopathologically, foci of slight to severe pulmonary inflammatory response with diffuse alveolar or bronchiolar cell hyperplasia, expansion of the alveolar spaces and interstitial fibrotic proliferation were present in all the indium\u2010treated hamsters and the severity of these lesions worsened with the passage of time. Lung benign adenomas were only manifest in 3 out of 15 of the ITO 6 mg\/kg\u2010treated hamsters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results clearly demonstrate that ITO and In <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> particles caused chronic pulmonary toxicity when repeated intratracheal instillations were given to hamsters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.l9097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]],"date-time":"2010-02-15T06:01:08Z","timestamp":1266213668000},"page":"14-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Study of Indium\u2010Tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Following Intratracheal Instillations into the Lungs of Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Akiyo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Disease Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Industrial rare metals, No. 124","author":"Arumu Publishing Co","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.590080318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399409531936"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Chronic toxicity of indium arsenide and indium phosphide to the lung of hamsters","volume":"87","author":"Tanaka A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fukuoka Acta Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.35.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.39.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparative study of the toxic effects of gallium arsenide, indium arsenide and arsenic trioxide following intratracheal instillations to the lung of Syrian golden hamsters","volume":"91","author":"Tanaka A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fukuoka Acta Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of indium phosphide (CAS No. 22398\u201080\u20107) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies), NTP TR 499","author":"National Toxicology Program (NTP)","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.42.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/64.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.44.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"SwartsS.Material safety data sheet (MSDS): Indium tin oxide. 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