{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:16:46Z","timestamp":1768292206581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Call Center Employees: Angelo d'E<jats:sc>rrico<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Epidemiology Unit ASL TO3\u2010Piedmont Region, Italy<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper extremity (UE) in a sample of Italian call center (CC) operators, and the relationship between the symptoms and potential workplace risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2005\u20102006, 775 workers from seven CCs in the Turin area participated in a questionnaire survey of exposure to ergonomic, organizational and psychosocial factors at work, socio\u2010demographics, lifestyle, symptoms and diseases. Musculoskeletal symptoms were defined as self\u2010reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the UE during the previous 28 days, for which a physician was consulted and\/or drugs were taken. Relative risks were estimated through Poisson regression models with the Huber\u2010White sandwich estimator of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 45% of workers reported UE symptoms in the last four weeks. Symptoms in the neck were the most prevalent (39%), followed by the shoulder (22%), handwrist (10%) and elbow (4%). Among workplace risk factors, neck\u2010shoulder symptoms were associated with low job control, elevated noise, poor desk lighting and impossibility to lean back while sitting; whereas elbow\u2010hand\/wrist symptoms were associated with short intervals between calls, insufficient working space, lack of forearm support, job insecurity and long seniority in the CC industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high prevalence of UE symptoms in this sample was similar to that reported by other studies conducted in this industry. Our results confirm previously reported associations, such as poor characteristics of the workstation and psychological stressors. The striking difference between the set of risk factors for neck\u2010shoulder and elbow\/wrist\u2010hand symptoms indicates that the two regions should be investigated separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.l9117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T06:04:59Z","timestamp":1271743499000},"page":"115-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Call Center Employees"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"d'Errico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Documentation Center for Health Promotion ASL TO3\u2010Piemont Region Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Fubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Documentation Center for Health Promotion ASL TO3\u2010Piemont Region Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisella","family":"Gilardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Documentation Center for Health Promotion ASL TO3\u2010Piemont Region Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Migliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Quarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Coffano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Documentation Center for Health Promotion ASL TO3\u2010Piemont Region Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Customer Management Multimedia Competence (CMMC).Press release. 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