{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1781250817755,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Smooth Muscle Res","J. Smooth Muscle Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.59.67","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T22:52:42Z","timestamp":1694040762000},"page":"67-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Re-examination of therapeutic management of muscular dystrophies using a          vascular smooth muscle-centered approach"],"prefix":"10.1540","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Senthilkumar","family":"Preethy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative            Medicine (NCRM), B-34, LICET, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health            and Medicine (NCGM), 1 Chome-7-1 Kounodai, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8516, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Ozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1 Chome-1-1            Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadalraja","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jesuit Antonyraj Memorial            Inter-disciplinary Centre for Advanced Recovery and Education (JAICARE), Mandela Nagar,            Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625022, India"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sarvee Integra Private Limited,            61 Bhimasena Garden Street, Mylapore, Chennai 600004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidyasagar Devaprasad","family":"Dedeepiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for            Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), C-30 LICET, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034,            Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), School of Medicine,            University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel JK","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for            Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), C-30 LICET, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034,            Chennai, India"},{"name":"Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), School of Medicine,            University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan"},{"name":"Antony-Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS), GN Corporation            Co. Ltd., 3-8 Wakamatsu, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0866, Japan"},{"name":"R &amp; D, Sophy Inc., 248 Tamura, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi 781-1522,            Japan"},{"name":"Levy-Jurgen Transdisciplinary Exploratory (LJTE), Global Niche Corp,            Wilmington, DE 19805, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"435","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Duan,              D,                Goemans,              N,                Takeda,              S,                Mercuri,              E,                Aartsma-Rus,                A. Duchenne            muscular dystrophy. Nat Rev Dis Primers.            2021; 7(1): 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Gao,              QQ,                McNally,              EM. The            dystrophin complex: structure, function, and implications for therapy.            Compr Physiol. 2015; 5(3):            1223\u201339.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140048"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Yao,              S,                Chen,              Z,                Yu,              Y,                Zhang,              N,                Jiang,              H,                Zhang,              G, et al.          Current pharmacological strategies for Duchenne muscular            dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;            9: 689533.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.689533"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Asher,              DR,                Thapa,              K,                Dharia,              SD,                Khan,              N,                Potter,              RA,                Rodino-Klapac,                LR, et al.          Clinical development on the frontier: gene therapy for duchenne muscular            dystrophy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2020;            20(3): 263\u201374.","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1725469"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Echevarr\u00eda,                L,                Aupy,              P,                Goyenvalle,                A.            Exon-skipping advances for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.            Hum Mol Genet. 2018;            27(R2): R163\u201372.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy171"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Malik,              V,                Rodino-Klapac,                LR,                Viollet,              L,                Wall,              C,                King,              W,                Al-Dahhak,                R, et al.          Gentamicin-induced readthrough of stop codons in Duchenne muscular            dystrophy. Ann Neurol. 2010;            67(6): 771\u201380.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22024"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Zhang,              Y,                Li,              H,                Min,              YL,                Sanchez-Ortiz,                E,                Huang,              J,                Mireault,                AA, et al.          Enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 correction of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice by a            self-complementary AAV delivery system. Sci Adv.            2020; 6(8): eaay6812.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay6812"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Bengtsson,                NE,                Hall,              JK,                Odom,              GL,                Phelps,              MP,                Andrus,              CR,                Hawkins,              RD, et al.          Muscle-specific CRISPR\/Cas9 dystrophin gene editing ameliorates            pathophysiology in a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.            Nat Commun. 2017; 8:          14454.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14454"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Guiraud,              S,                Edwards,              B,                Babbs,              A,                Squire,              SE,                Berg,              A,                Moir,              L, et al.          The potential of utrophin and dystrophin combination therapies for Duchenne            muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 2019;            28(13): 2189\u2013200.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz049"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Kodippili,                K,                Thorne,              PK,                Laughlin,                MH,                Duan,              D. Dystrophin            deficiency impairs vascular structure and function in the canine model of Duchenne            muscular dystrophy. J Pathol. 2021;            254(5): 589\u2013605.","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5704"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kaplan,              KM,                Morgan,              KG. The            importance of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins in vascular smooth            muscle. Front Physiol. 2022;            13: 1059021.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1059021"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Ito,              K,                Kimura,              S,                Ozasa,              S,                Matsukura,                M,                Ikezawa,              M,                Yoshioka,              K, et al.          Smooth muscle-specific dystrophin expression improves aberrant            vasoregulation in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet.            2006; 15(14):            2266\u201375.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl151"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13. Xu,                X,                Wilschut,                KJ,                Kouklis,              G,                Tian,              H,                Hesse,              R,                Garland,              C, et al.          Human satellite cell transplantation and regeneration from diverse skeletal            muscles. Stem Cell Reports. 2015;            5(3): 419\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.07.016"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Altamirano,                F,                L\u00f3pez,              JR,                Henr\u00edquez,                C,                Molinski,              T,                Allen,              PD,                Jaimovich,                E. Increased            resting intracellular calcium modulates NF-\u03baB-dependent inducible nitric-oxide synthase            gene expression in dystrophic mdx skeletal myotubes. J Biol            Chem. 2012; 287(25):            20876\u201387.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.344929"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Kaplan,              KM,                Morgan,              KG. The            importance of dystrophin and the dystrophin associated proteins in vascular smooth            muscle. Front Physiol. 2022;            13: 1059021.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1059021"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Podkalicka,                P,                Mucha,              O,                Dulak,              J,                Loboda,              A. Targeting            angiogenesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life            Sci. 2019; 76(8):            1507\u201328.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03006-7"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Ennen,              JP,                Verma,              M,                Asakura,              A.            Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular            dystrophy. Skelet Muscle. 2013;            3(1): 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-3-9"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Verhaart,                IEC,                Johnson,              A,                Thakrar,              S,                Vroom,              E,                De Angelis,                F,                Muntoni,              F, et al.          Muscle biopsies in clinical trials for Duchenne muscular            dystrophy\u2014patients\u2019 and caregivers\u2019 perspective. Neuromuscul            Disord. 2019; 29(8):            576\u201384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2019.06.004"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Augier,              N,                Boucraut,              J,                L\u00e9ger,              J,                Anoal,              M,                Nicholson,                LV,                Voelkel,              MA, et al.          A homologue of dystrophin is expressed at the blood vessel membrane of DMD            and BMD patients: immunological evidence. J Neurol Sci.            1992; 107(2):            233\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90294-U"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Brozovich,                FV,                Nicholson,                CJ,                Degen,              CV,                Gao,              YZ,                Aggarwal,              M,                Morgan,              KG. Mechanisms            of vascular smooth muscle contraction and the basis for pharmacologic treatment of            smooth muscle disorders. Pharmacol Rev.            2016; 68(2):            476\u2013532.","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010652"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21. Heusch,              G,                Libby,              P,                Gersh,              B,                Yellon,              D,                B\u00f6hm,              M,                Lopaschuk,                G, et al.          Cardiovascular remodelling in coronary artery disease and heart            failure. Lancet. 2014;            383(9932): 1933\u201343.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60107-0"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Brown,              DI,                Griendling,                KK.            Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the            cardiovascular system. Circ Res. 2015;            116(3): 531\u201349.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303584"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Tabas,              I,                Garc\u00eda-Carde\u00f1a,                G,                Owens,              GK. Recent            insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis. J Cell            Biol. 2015; 209(1):            13\u201322.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201412052"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Coral-Vazquez,                R,                Cohn,              RD,                Moore,              SA,                Hill,              JA,                Weiss,              RM,                Davisson,                RL, et al.          Disruption of the sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex in vascular smooth muscle:            a novel mechanism for cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy.            Cell. 1999; 98(4):            465\u201374.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81975-3"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Gumerson,                JD,                Michele,              DE. The            dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in the prevention of muscle damage.            J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011; 2011:            210797.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/210797"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"26. Uryash,              A,                Mijares,              A,                Est\u00e8ve,              E,                Adams,              JA,                Lopez,              JR. Smooth            muscle cells of dystrophic (mdx) mice are more susceptible to hypoxia; the protective            effect of reducing Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> influx.          Biomedicines. 2023; 11(2):            623.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020623"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Sharma,              P,                Basu,              S,                Mitchell,                RW,                Stelmack,                GL,                Anderson,                JE,                Halayko,              AJ. Role of            dystrophin in airway smooth muscle phenotype, contraction and lung            function. PLoS One. 2014;            9(7): e102737.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102737"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Sykes,              BG,                Van Steyn,                PM,                Vignali,              JD,                Winalski,              J,                Lozier,              J,                Bell,              WE, et al.          The relationship between estrogen and nitric oxide in the prevention of            cardiac and vascular anomalies in the developing zebrafish (Danio          Rerio). Brain Sci. 2016;            6(4): 51.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci6040051"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Nichols,              B,                Takeda,              S,                Yokota,              T.            Nonmechanical roles of dystrophin and associated proteins in exercise,            neuromuscular junctions, and brains. Brain Sci.            2015; 5(3):            275\u201398.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci5030275"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Rhoads,              RP,                Flann,              KL,                Cardinal,                TR,                Rathbone,                CR,                Liu,              X,                Allen,              RE. Satellite            cells isolated from aged or dystrophic muscle exhibit a reduced capacity to promote            angiogenesis in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.            2013; 440(3):            399\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.09.085"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Rauch,              U,                Shami,              A,                Zhang,              F,                Carmignac,                V,                Durbeej,              M,                Hultg\u00e5rdh-Nilsson,                A. Increased            neointimal thickening in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. PLoS            One. 2012; 7(1):            e29904.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029904"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Hassan,              FU,                Nadeem,              A,                Li,              Z,                Javed,              M,                Liu,              Q,                Azhar,              J, et al.          Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in energy            homeostasis of dairy animals: exploiting their modulation through nutrigenomic            interventions. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;            22(22): 12463.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212463"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Manickam,                R,                Duszka,              K,                Wahli,              W. PPARs and            microbiota in skeletal muscle health and wasting. Int J Mol            Sci. 2020; 21(21):            8056.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218056"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Mahavadi,                S,                Gorti,              A,                Manjunath,                R,                Randhawa,              G,                Singh,              K,                Rider,              JR, et al.          Altered contraction phenotype and smooth muscle function in the intestine            of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. Experimental            Biology          2019 Meeting Abstracts. .","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb548"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Manickam,                R,                Oh,              HYP,                Tan,              CK,                Paramalingam,                E,                Wahli,              W.            Metronidazole causes skeletal muscle atrophy and modulates muscle            chronometabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;            19(8): 2418.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082418"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Ikewaki,              N,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Raghavan,              K,                Rao,              KS,                Vaddi,              S,                Osawa,              H, et al.          \u03b2\u2011glucan vaccine adjuvant approach for cancer treatment through immune            enhancement (B\u2011VACCIEN) in specific immunocompromised populations            (Review). Oncol Rep. 2022;            47(1): 14.","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8225"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Dedeepiya,                VD,                Sivaraman,                G,                Venkatesh,                AP,                Preethy,              S,                Abraham,              SJ. Potential            effects of nichi glucan as a food supplement for diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia:            preliminary findings from the study on three patients from India.            Case Rep Med. 2012; 2012:            895370.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/895370"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Ganesh,              JS,                Rao,              YY,                Ravikumar,                R,                Jayakrishnan,                GA,                Iwasaki,              M,                Preethy,              S, et al.          Beneficial effects of black yeast derived 1-3, 1-6 Beta Glucan-Nichi Glucan            in a dyslipidemic individual of Indian origin--a case report. J            Diet Suppl. 2014; 11(1):            1\u20136.","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2013.859211"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Ikewaki,              N,                Ikeue,              Y,                Nagataki,              M,                Kurosawa,              G,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Rajmohan,              M, et al.          Beneficial effects of 1,3-1,6 \u03b2-glucans produced by Aureobasidium pullulans            on non-esterified fatty acid levels in diabetic KKAy mice and their potential            implications in metabolic dysregulation. J Diabetes Metab            Disord. 2022; 22(1):            487\u201394.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01170-5"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Ikewaki,              N,                Raghavan,              K,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Suryaprakash,                V,                Iwasaki,              M,                Preethy,              S, senthilkumar R, Abraham          SJK. Beneficial immune-regulatory effects of novel strains of              <i>Aureobasidium pullulans<\/i> AFO-202 and N-163 produced beta glucans in            Sprague Dawley rats. Clinical Immunology          Communications. 2021; 1:            29\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clicom.2021.11.001"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Raghavan,                K,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Suryaprakash,                V,                Rao,              KS,                Ikewaki,              N,                Sonoda,              T, et al.          Beneficial effects of novel aureobasidium pullulans strains produced            beta-1,3-1,6 glucans on interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients; results            of a randomized multiple-arm pilot clinical study. Biomed            Pharmacother. 2022; 145: 112243.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112243"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Ikewaki,              N,                Levy,              GA,                Kurosawa,              G,                Iwasaki,              M,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Vaddi,              S, et al.          Hepatoprotective effects of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans<\/i>            derived \u03b2 1,3-1,6 glucans in a murine model of non-alcoholic            steatohepatitis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;            12(6): 1428\u201337.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.06.008"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Raghavan,                K,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Srinivasan,                S,                Pushkala,              S,                Subramanian,                S,                Ikewaki,              N, et al.          Beneficial immune-modulatory effects of the N-163 strain of              <i>Aureobasidium pullulans<\/i>-produced 1,3\u20131,6 Beta glucans in Duchenne            muscular dystrophy: results of an open-label, prospective, exploratory case-control            clinical study. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2023;            15: 90\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2023.06.007"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Raghavan,                K,                Sivakumar,                T,                Bharatidasan,                SS,                Srinivasan,                S,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Ikewaki,              N, et al.          Efficacy of N-163 strain of Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta-glucan in            improving muscle strength and function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy;            results of a 6-month non-randomised open-label linear clinical trial.          medRxiv          2023.04.29.23289260v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.29.23289260"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Raghavan,                K,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Yamamoto,              N,                Ikewaki,              N,                Iwasaki,              M,                Dinassing,                A, et al.          Randomised trial of Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta 1,3\u20131,6-glucans            in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: favourable changes in gut microbiota and            clinical outcomes indicating their potential in epigenetic manipulation.          medRxiv          2022.12.09.22283273.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.09.22283273"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Kawamoto,                S,                Uemura,              K,                Hori,              N,                Takayasu,              L,                Konishi,              Y,                Katoh,              K, et al.          Bacterial induction of B cell senescence promotes age-related changes in            the gut microbiota. Nat Cell Biol. 2023;            25(6): 865\u201376.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01145-5"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Jayaraman,                A,                Pettersson,                S. When            dysbiosis meets dystrophy: an unwanted gut-muscle connection.            EMBO Mol Med. 2023; 15(3):            e17324.","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202217324"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Preethy,              S,                Aoki,              Y,                Minegishi,                K,                Senthilkumar,                R,                Abraham,              S. Resolution            of fibrosis in mdx dystrophic mouse after oral consumption of N-163 strain of            Aureobasidium pullulans produced biological response modifier \u03b2-glucan            (BRMG).          bioRxiv          2022.11.17.516628.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.11.17.516628"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Preethy,              S,                Sakamoto,              S,                Higuchi,              T,                Ichiyama,              K,                Yamamoto,              N,                Ikewaki,              N, et al.          Enhanced muscle regeneration in mdx mice, Duchenne muscular dystrophy            animal model, proven by CD44 &amp; MYH3 expression, on oral feeding of N-163 strain of            Aureobasidium Pullulans produced B-Glucan.          biorxiv          2023.06.06.543858v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.06.543858"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Chan,              GC,                Chan,              WK,                Sze,              DM. The effects            of beta-glucan on human immune and cancer cells. J Hematol            Oncol. 2009; 2: 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-2-25"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Shimizu-Motohashi,                Y,                Asakura,              A. Angiogenesis            as a novel therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy through decreased            ischemia and increased satellite cells. Front Physiol.            2014; 5: 50.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00050"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Bosco,              J,                Zhou,              Z,                Gabri\u00ebls,              S,                Verma,              M,                Liu,              N,                Miller,              BK, et al.          VEGFR-1\/Flt-1 inhibition increases angiogenesis and improves muscle            function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Mol            Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2021; 21:            369\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2021.03.013"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Preethy,              S,                Ikewaki,              N,                Levy,              GA,                Raghavan,              K,                Dedeepiya,                VD,                Yamamoto,              N, et al.          Two unique biological response-modifier glucans beneficially regulating gut            microbiota and faecal metabolome in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis animal model, with            potential applications in human health and disease. BMJ Open            Gastroenterol. 2022; 9(1):            e000985.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-000985"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"54. Chang,              NC,                Sincennes,                MC,                Chevalier,                FP,                Brun,              CE,                Lacaria,              M,                Segal\u00e9s,              J, et al.          The dystrophin glycoprotein complex regulates the epigenetic activation of            muscle stem cell cmmitment. Cell Stem Cell.            2018; 22(5):            755\u2013768.e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.03.022"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Wehling-Henricks,                M,                Jordan,              MC,                Gotoh,              T,                Grody,              WW,                Roos,              KP,                Tidball,              JG. Arginine            metabolism by macrophages promotes cardiac and muscle fibrosis in mdx muscular            dystrophy. PLoS One. 2010;            5(5): e10763.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010763"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Thapa,              S,                Elhadidy,              S,                Asakura,              A. Vascular            therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Fac Rev.            2023; 12: 3.","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/12-3"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. Wehling-Henricks,                M,                Jordan,              MC,                Roos,              KP,                Deng,              B,                Tidball,              JG.            Cardiomyopathy in dystrophin-deficient hearts is prevented by expression            of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase transgene in the myocardium.            Hum Mol Genet. 2005;          14(14): 1921\u201333.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi197"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. Timpani,                CA,                Hayes,              A,                Rybalka,              E. Therapeutic            strategies to address neuronal nitric oxide synthase deficiency and the loss of nitric            oxide bioavailability in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Orphanet J            Rare Dis. 2017; 12(1):            100.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0652-y"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Matsakas,                A,                Yadav,              V,                Lorca,              S,                Narkar,              V. Muscle ERR\u03b3            mitigates Duchenne muscular dystrophy via metabolic and angiogenic            reprogramming. FASEB J. 2013;            27(10): 4004\u201316.","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-228296"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Serra,              F,                Quarta,              M,                Canato,              M,                Toniolo,              L,                De Arcangelis,                V,                Trotta,              A, et al.          Inflammation in muscular dystrophy and the beneficial effects of            non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Muscle Nerve.            2012; 46(5):            773\u201384.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23432"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Whitehead,                NP,                Kim,              MJ,                Bible,              KL,                Adams,              ME,                Froehner,                SC. A new            therapeutic effect of simvastatin revealed by functional improvement in muscular            dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;            112(41): 12864\u20139.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509536112"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62. Nico,              B,                Marzullo,              A,                Corsi,              P,                Vacca,              A,                Roncali,              L,                Ribatti,              D. A possible            role of tryptase in angiogenesis in the brain of mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular            dystrophy. Neuroscience. 2004;            123(3): 585\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.11.006"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Chun,              JL,                O\u2019Brien,              R,                Song,              MH,                Wondrasch,                BF,                Berry,              SE. Injection            of vessel-derived stem cells prevents dilated cardiomyopathy and promotes angiogenesis            and endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation in mdx\/utrn-\/- but not aged mdx mouse            models for duchenne muscular dystrophy. Stem Cells Transl            Med. 2013; 2(1):            68\u201380.","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2012-0107"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Dar,              A,                Itskovitz-Eldor,                J.            Therapeutic potential of perivascular cells from human pluripotent stem            cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2015;            9(9): 977\u201387.","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1698"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65. Pinheiro,                CH,                de Queiroz,                JC,                Guimar\u00e3es-Ferreira,                L,                Vitzel,              KF,                Nachbar,              RT,                de Sousa,                LG, et al.          Local injections of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate            inflammation and increase angiogenesis ameliorating the dystrophic phenotype in            dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Stem Cell Rev          Rep. 2012; 8(2):            363\u201374.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-011-9304-0"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66. Xuan,              W,                Khan,              M,                Ashraf,              M. Pluripotent            stem cell-induced skeletal muscle progenitor cells with givinostat promote            myoangiogenesis and restore dystrophin in injured Duchenne dystrophic            muscle. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;            12(1): 131.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02174-3"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67. Torrente,                Y,                Belicchi,              M,                Marchesi,              C,                D\u2019Antona,              G,                Cogiamanian,                F,                Pisati,              F, et al.          Autologous transplantation of muscle-derived CD133+ stem cells in Duchenne            muscle patients. Cell Transplant. 2007;            16(6): 563\u201377.","DOI":"10.3727\/000000007783465064"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68. Hermes,              TA,                Macedo,              AB,                Foga\u00e7a,              AR,                Moraes,              LH,                de Faria,                FM,                Kido,              LA, et al.          Beneficial cilostazol therapeutic effects in mdx dystrophic skeletal            muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2016;            43(2): 259\u201367.","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12521"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Eljaszewicz,                A,                Sienkiewicz,                D,                Grubczak,              K,                Okurowska-Zawada,                B,                Paszko-Patej,                G,                Miklasz,              P, et al.          Effect of periodic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration on            endothelial progenitor cells and different monocyte subsets in pediatric patients with            muscular dystrophies. Stem Cells Int.          2016; 2016: 2650849.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2650849"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70. Scoppetta,                C,                Grassi,              F.            Erythropoietin: a new tool for muscle disorders?          Med Hypotheses. 2004; 63(1):            73\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2003.12.044"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71. Lescaudron,                L,                Pelt\u00e9kian,                E,                Fontaine-P\u00e9rus,                J,                Paulin,              D,                Zampieri,              M,                Garcia,              L, et al.          Blood borne macrophages are essential for the triggering of muscle            regeneration following muscle transplant. Neuromuscul            Disord. 1999; 9(2):            72\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(98)00111-4"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72. Madaro,              L,                Torcinaro,                A,                De Bardi,              M,                Contino,              FF,                Pelizzola,                M,                Diaferia,                GR, et al.          Macrophages fine tune satellite cell fate in dystrophic skeletal muscle of            mdx mice. PLoS Genet. 2019;            15(10): e1008408.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008408"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73. Hashimoto,                T,                Ohno,              N,                Adachi,              Y,                Yadomae,              T. Enhanced            production of inducible nitric oxide synthase by beta-glucans in mice.            FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1997;            19(2): 131\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(97)00078-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Smooth Muscle Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jsmr\/59\/0\/59_0543\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T05:12:26Z","timestamp":1715577146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jsmr\/59\/0\/59_0543\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1540\/jsmr.59.67","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-8737","1884-8796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-8737","type":"print"},{"value":"1884-8796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"0543"}}