{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1774159366432,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A change in the epidemiology of pathogens causing serious bacterial infection (SBI) has been noted since original recommendations were made for the empirical antibiotic choices for young infants with fever.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of SBI caused by Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus species.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A literature search was conducted on keywords related to SBI, L. monocytogenes, and Enterococcus spp. infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eligible studies were those conducted in the United States and published between January 1998 and June 2014 focusing on SBI in infants \u226490 days of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rates of urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and meningitis for each pathogen were recorded for each study. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the prevalence for each pathogen in a random effects model with 0.5 continuity correction added to studies with zero events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixteen studies were included. A total of 20\u2009703 blood cultures were included, with weighted prevalences for L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. bacteremia of 0.03% and 0.09%, respectively. A total of 13\u2009775 cerebrospinal fluid cultures were included with event rates (unweighted prevalences) for L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. meningitis of 0.02% and 0.03%, respectively. A total of 18\u2009283 urine cultures were included, with no cases of L. monocytogenes and a weighted prevalence for Enterococcus spp. urinary tract infection of 0.28%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There may have been reporting bias or incomplete retrieval or inadvertent exclusion of relevant studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SBI caused by L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. in febrile infants is rare, and therefore clinicians may consider a change in empirical antibiotic choices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2015-0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T08:41:36Z","timestamp":1459500096000},"page":"187-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Meta-analysis of the Rates of <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i> and <i>Enterococcus<\/i> in Febrile Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Rianna","family":"Leazer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyrie","family":"Shomaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120817455525700_B1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Moffet\u2019s Pediatric Infectious Diseases, A Problem Oriented Approach","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2021120817455525700_B2","volume-title":"Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine","author":"Zaoutis","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120817455525700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1759","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacteremia in febrile infants in the United States","volume":"132","author":"Biondi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120817455525700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000225","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in young infants","volume":"33","author":"Greenhow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5 pt 1","key":"2021120817455525700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.964","article-title":"Serious bacterial infections in febrile infants younger than 90 days of age: the importance of ampicillin-resistant pathogens","volume":"111","author":"Byington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120817455525700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182867fa0","article-title":"Do we really need to worry about Listeria in newborn infants?","volume":"32","author":"Okike","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120817455525700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181fab1e7","article-title":"Neonatal bacterial meningitis: 444 cases in 7 years","volume":"30","author":"Gaschignard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"15","key":"2021120817455525700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. 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