{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:14:57Z","timestamp":1780474497827,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n Child maltreatment (CM) is recognized as a major public health concern, and an important number of children suffer injuries related to abuse and neglect that result in death. We sought to identify risk factors for CM fatalities among hospitalized children that can provide clinicians with information to recognize at-risk children and reduce further death.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n In this study, we included cases from the 2012 Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database with diagnosis codes related to CM who were &lt;5 years of age and were not transferred to another facility. Potential demographic and clinical risk factors were identified and compared to child fatality in the hospital by using bivariate and multivariate analyses. To assess how cases coded specifically for maltreatment differed from similar cases that only suggested maltreatment, a reduced-model multivariable logistic regression for fatality was created.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n We found 10\u2009825 children &lt;5 years who had inpatient diagnoses coded in their medical record for CM. Most demographic variables (age, race, and sex) were not significantly associated with fatality, whereas clinical variables (transferring in, drowning, ingestions, and burns) were significantly associated with fatality. There were regional differences on the basis of hospital location as well as significantly more chronic conditions, procedure charges, and longer lengths of stay among children who died. Controlling for significant risk factors, those with diagnoses specific for physical abuse had \u223c3 times the odds of dying (odds ratio = 2.797; 95% confidence interval: 1.941\u20134.031).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n In this study, although infancy and decreased income were associated with increased risk for fatality, more important factors were the types of injuries the child endured and whether the inpatient clinician had identified specific injuries indicating physical abuse.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T14:15:12Z","timestamp":1583158512000},"page":"230-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Fatalities in a National Pediatric Inpatient Database"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Juliana M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Lazoritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Palusci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120818003867300_B1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services\n Administration for Children and Families. Child maltreatment 2016. Available at: https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cb\/resource\/child-maltreatment-2016. Accessed March 10, 2019"},{"key":"2021120818003867300_B2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services\n Administration for Children and Families. Child maltreatment 2012. Available at: https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cb\/resource\/child-maltreatment-2012. Accessed March 10, 2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120818003867300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1776","article-title":"Pediatricians\u2019 role in preventing child maltreatment fatalities: a call to action","volume":"136","author":"Berger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120818003867300_B4","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services\n Administration for Children and Families. Within our reach: a national strategy to eliminate child abuse and neglect fatalities: a final report from the Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities. Available at: https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cb\/resource\/cecanf-final-report. 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Overview of the Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database (KID). Available at: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/kidoverview.jsp. Accessed June 6, 2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120818003867300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.06.008","article-title":"Identification of ICD codes suggestive of child maltreatment","volume":"35","author":"Schnitzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2021120818003867300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.01.010","article-title":"Pediatric inpatient nurses\u2019 perceptions of child maltreatment","volume":"34","author":"Lavigne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"2021120818003867300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.003","article-title":"Risk factors for fatal and non-fatal child maltreatment in families previously investigated by CPS: a case-control study","volume":"63","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120818003867300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.PEDS14544","article-title":"Outcomes and factors associated with infant abusive head trauma in the US","volume":"16","author":"Nu\u00f1o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120818003867300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-019-04482-5","article-title":"Non-accidental trauma increases length of stay and mortality in pediatric trauma","volume":"35","author":"Livingston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120818003867300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/19361521.2013.811457","article-title":"Factors predicting child maltreatment fatalities: a competing risk model","volume":"6","author":"Berson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120818003867300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506296722","article-title":"Risk of death among children reported for nonfatal maltreatment","volume":"12","author":"Jonson-Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120818003867300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20172882","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2882","article-title":"Injury and mortality among children identified as at high risk of maltreatment","volume":"141","author":"Vaithianathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Hospital Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/230\/814486\/hpeds_2019-0229.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article-pdf\/10\/3\/230\/814486\/hpeds_2019-0229.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T19:33:45Z","timestamp":1638992025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article\/10\/3\/230\/26029\/Risk-Factors-for-Child-Maltreatment-Fatalities-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0229","relation":{},"ISSN":["2154-1663","2154-1671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2154-1663","type":"print"},{"value":"2154-1671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}}}