{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:14:50Z","timestamp":1787022890302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify differences between healthy term newborns supplemented with human donor milk (HDM) and those supplemented with infant formula. We hypothesized that sociodemographic and clinical distinctions exist between newborns receiving different milk types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included term newborns admitted to the postpartum unit between March 2017 and April 2019 with \u22651 supplemental feeding with HDM or formula for indications other than hypoglycemia. Maternal and newborn data were abstracted from the electronic medical record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five hundred eighty-four dyads met inclusion criteria. More newborns received supplementation with formula than with HDM (57.7% vs 42.3%; P &amp;lt; .001). Infants undergoing phototherapy who required supplementation were more likely to receive HDM (P &amp;lt; .001). Newborns born to white and non-Hispanic mothers were more likely to receive HDM than those born to African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.6; P = .007), Hispanic (aOR 3.0; P = .001), or Asian American mothers (aOR 2.7; P = .007). Newborns born to primiparous women (aOR 1.6; P = .03), those born to women with private insurance (aOR 3.7; P &amp;lt; .001), and those born via cesarean delivery (aOR 2.0; P &amp;lt; .001) were more likely to receive HDM. HDM use was more likely in primary English- or Spanish-speaking households (aOR 8.5; P = .009). Newborns receiving their first supplemental feeding during the day (aOR 1.9; P = .001) were more likely to be supplemented with HDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are clinical and sociodemographic differences between healthy term newborns supplemented with HDM and formula. These findings reveal that there are disparities in current supplementation practices for healthy newborns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T09:19:38Z","timestamp":1591003178000},"page":"489-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Human Donor Milk Supplementation in Term Newborns"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Megan M.","family":"McKittrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheevaun","family":"Khaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children\u2019s Hospital, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladawna","family":"Gievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children\u2019s Hospital, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse A.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children\u2019s Hospital, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"153","key":"2021120817340961600_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries","author":"Ip","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120817340961600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"129","author":"Section on Breastfeeding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120817340961600_B3","first-page":"676","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis and growth in preterm infants fed predominantly maternal milk, pasteurized donor milk, or preterm formula: a retrospective study","volume":"34","author":"Sisk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"343","key":"2021120817340961600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343ra82","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad7121","article-title":"Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life","volume":"8","author":"Bokulich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120817340961600_B5","first-page":"CD002971","article-title":"Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants","author":"Quigley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120817340961600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.3732","article-title":"Association of cesarean delivery and formula supplementation with the intestinal microbiome of 6-week-old infants","volume":"170","author":"Madan","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120817340961600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0147","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in donor milk use in the well-baby nursery: a survey of Northeast United States birth hospitals","volume":"13","author":"Belfort","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120817340961600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2019.05.001","article-title":"Nurse-driven initiative to increase exclusive human milk feeding by using pasteurized donor human milk to treat hypoglycemic term neonates","volume":"23","author":"Ferrarello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Womens Health"},{"key":"2021120817340961600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.29038.ajk","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #3: supplementary feedings in the healthy term breastfed neonate, revised 2017","volume":"12","author":"Kellams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120817340961600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2491","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"115","author":"Gartner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120817340961600_B11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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