{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T22:43:07Z","timestamp":1793572987189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to describe the quality of sedation and additional clinically-meaningful outcomes associated with different intranasal dexmedetomidine-based regimens in children undergoing nonpainful procedures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multicenter prospective observational study of children aged 2 months to 17 years undergoing intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for MRI, auditory brainstem response testing, echocardiogram, EEG, or computed tomography scan. Regimens varied by dose of dexmedetomidine and use of adjunct sedatives. Quality of sedation was assessed using the Pediatric Sedation State Scale and by determining proportion of children who achieved an acceptable sedation state. Procedure completion, time-based outcomes, and adverse events were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 578 children across 7 sites. Median age was 2.5 years (interquartile range 1.6\u20133) and 37.5% were female. The most common procedures were auditory brainstem response testing (54.3%) and MRI (22.8%). The most common dose was 3 to 3.9 mcg\/kg (55%), with 25.1% and 14.2% of children receiving oral or intranasal midazolam, respectively. Acceptable sedation state and procedure completion was achieved in 81.1% and 91.3% of children, and mean time to onset of sedation and total sedation time were 32.3 and 114.8 minutes, respectively. Twelve interventions were performed in 10 patients in response to an event; no patients required a serious airway, breathing, or cardiovascular intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intranasal dexmedetomidine-based regimens can achieve acceptable sedation states and high rates of procedure completion in children undergoing sedation for nonpainful procedures. Our findings delineate clinical outcomes associated with intranasal dexmedetomidine-based sedation that can be used to guide the implementation and optimization of such regimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2022-007007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T08:09:32Z","timestamp":1677053372000},"page":"223-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Outcomes Associated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Tsze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber P.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cDepartment of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna R.","family":"Paquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dDepartment of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Majcina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janey R.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Hollenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"gDepartment of Pediatric Anesthesiology, UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen D.","family":"Sulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"hDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Cravero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2023112713585468500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092724","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: what\u2019s new for pediatrics? a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023112713585468500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001199","article-title":"The use of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam for sedated magnetic resonance imaging in children: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium","volume":"36","author":"Sulton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023112713585468500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2015-0152","article-title":"Retrospective comparison of 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non-painful procedural sedation in children with autism","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023112713585468500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13202","article-title":"Combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam as sedation for pediatric MRI","volume":"27","author":"Cozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023112713585468500_b11","first-page":"4","article-title":"Intranasal dexmedetomidine as a sedative for pediatric procedural sedation","volume":"22","author":"Behrle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023112713585468500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0313","article-title":"Incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation\/anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room: report from the Pediatric Sedation Research 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