{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:15:49Z","timestamp":1788221749847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter collaborative studies examining disparities in in-hospital outcomes are lacking in pediatric cardiology. We hypothesized that Black and Hispanic patients in pediatric acute care cardiology units (ACCUs) have increased length of stay (LOS) and complications compared with their counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing the Pediatric Acute Care Cardiology Collaborative registry, we examined ACCU hospitalizations from January 2, 2019, to July 30, 2021. Hospitalizations were categorized by race and ethnicity and subcategorized by region. Differences in LOS and mean total number of complications were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis testing. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate differences between regions, race, and ethnicity. Multiple testing correction was performed which established a significance threshold of .001.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis included 29\u2009079 hospitalizations from 28 centers. Patients identifying as non-Hispanic (NH) Black (median, 5.0 [IQR, 3.0\u201313.0]) and NH other (6.0 [3.0\u201315.0]) had longer LOS than NH white patients (5.0 [IQR, 2.0\u201311.0]; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Hispanic patients had a shorter LOS than NH patients (median, 5.0 [IQR, 2.0\u201311.0] vs 6.0 [3.0\u201314.0]; P &amp;lt; .0001). The number of complications was significantly higher for patients who identify as NH Black or NH other compared with NH white patients. The gaps between LOS and complications persisted in US regions with some areas demonstrating greater difference: LOS difference for NH Black patients was more pronounced in the West than in the Northeast (median, 5.5 [IQR, 3.0\u201315.0] vs 5.0 [2.0\u201312.0]). For Hispanic patients in the South, LOS and complications were lower compared with those in the West and the Northeast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in hospital LOS and complications in pediatric cardiology, with some regions of the United States demonstrating greater disparity than others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2025-008910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:02:53Z","timestamp":1785888173000},"page":"794-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disparities in Hospital Length of Stay and Morbidity in Acute Care Pediatric Cardiology Patients"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Brittney K.","family":"Hills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern, Children\u2019s Health, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana B.","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayte","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Pediatric Cardiology, St Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Pater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sawyer-Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern, Children\u2019s Health, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"9Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"10Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"11Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndidi","family":"Unaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Division of Hospital Medicine, Lucille Packard Children\u2019s Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California"},{"name":"13Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Cnota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern, Children\u2019s Health, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083119591665300_r1","article-title":"US Department of Health and Human Services","author":"Disparities"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026083119591665300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0223","article-title":"Health disparities in the 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disparities","volume":"142","author":"Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026083119591665300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20172432","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2432","article-title":"Disparities in outcomes and resource use after hospitalization for cardiac surgery by neighborhood income","volume":"141","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026083119591665300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.020","article-title":"Racial disparities in failure-to-rescue among children undergoing congenital heart surgery","volume":"166","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2026083119591665300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.023","article-title":"African-American:white disparity in infant mortality due to congenital heart disease","volume":"181","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026083119591665300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302099","article-title":"Community socioeconomic disadvantage and the survival of infants with congenital heart defects","volume":"104","author":"Kucik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083119591665300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02454-4","article-title":"Racial disparities in hospital mortality among pediatric cardiomyopathy and myocarditis patients","volume":"42","author":"Olsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026083119591665300_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.05.027","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities persist in the current era of pediatric heart transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Amdani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026083119591665300_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010342","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010342","article-title":"Socioeconomic mediators of racial and ethnic disparities in congenital heart disease outcomes: a population-based study in California","volume":"7","author":"Peyvandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026083119591665300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1128","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2702","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in risk of early childhood mortality among children with congenital heart defects","volume":"127","author":"Nembhard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026083119591665300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1753","article-title":"Capture rate of congenital heart defects in the Pediatric Health 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