{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:45:38Z","timestamp":1791765938070,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) occurs in approximately 1\/200 to 1\/250 US newborns each year and can cause progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Since 2022, Pennsylvania law mandates cCMV testing for infants who fail newborn hearing screening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n To assess changes in cCMV testing rates and diagnosis before and after Pennsylvania hearing-targeted legislation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study of all live births at 3 university-affiliated birth centers. We identified all infants tested for CMV at 21 days of age or younger and analyzed cCMV testing rates in pre- (January 2018-June 2022) and post- (July 2022-December 2024) legislation eras using interrupted time-series analysis. We assessed other clinical signs associated with cCMV testing using standard statistics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The study cohort included 85\u2009324 infants. Among 54\u2009909 born prelegislation, 3168 (5.8%) had cCMV testing; among 30\u2009415 born postlegislation, 3197 (10.5%) were tested. cCMV testing rates increased significantly among term (by 3.2%) and preterm infants (by 15.5%) at the beginning of the postlegislation era (P\u2009=\u2009.003 and .001, respectively). Among 5224 infants with hearing-based criteria for screening, CMV testing increased from 36.7% prelegislation to 74.0% postlegislation (P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In the postlegislation period, testing associated with isolated microcephaly increased, but isolated small for gestational age\u2013associated testing decreased. Among 61 infants diagnosed with cCMV, 16 (26.2%) were identified based on hearing criteria alone (2.3\/1000 infants prelegislation, 6.0\/1000 infants postlegislation, P\u2009=\u2009.04).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n CMV testing and diagnosis based on hearing criteria alone increased significantly post passage of Pennsylvania hearing-targeted cCMV testing legislation, but infants tested for hearing criteria alone accounted for less than half of identified cCMV cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2026-009758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:03:13Z","timestamp":1791763393000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Following Pennsylvania Hearing-Targeted Screening Legislation"],"prefix":"10.1542","author":[{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Coggins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"3Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J","family":"Garber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori A","family":"Christ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R","family":"Drinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagori","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"3Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M","family":"Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"3Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026101120030667600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29525","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29525","article-title":"Estimated cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in the general population of the United States and Canada","volume":"96","author":"Dana Flanders","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101120030667600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1086\/652438","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in the United States: the national health and nutrition examination surveys, 1988\u20132004","volume":"50","author":"Bate","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101120030667600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw088","article-title":"Geographic disparities in cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Lantos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc."},{"key":"2026101120030667600_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag224","article-title":"Maternal cytomegalovirus serology results by geographic region in a large multicenter United States study","author":"Hughes","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101120030667600_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021053655","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053655","article-title":"STORCH Infections Among Very Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants: 2018\u20132020","volume":"149","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000002043","article-title":"Updated National and State-Specific Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection, United States, 2018\u20132022","volume":"31","author":"Lutz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101120030667600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003515","article-title":"Stillbirth Associated With Infection in a Diverse U.S. Cohort","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020701813792","article-title":"Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing?","volume":"40","author":"Rawlinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101120030667600_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-025-02253-w","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation to identify infection-attributable stillbirth","volume":"45","author":"Coggins","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2026101120030667600_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S182","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit609","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome","volume":"57","author":"Fowler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101120030667600_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.544","article-title":"New estimates of the prevalence of neurological and sensory sequelae and mortality associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"17","author":"Dollard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101120030667600_r12","first-page":"3","article-title":"Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) Infection: Universal, Targeted, Expanded-Targeted, or None-of-the-Above?","volume":"19","author":"Schleiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neonatol Today."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101120030667600_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404599","article-title":"Valganciclovir for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"372","author":"Kimberlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2026101120030667600_r14","author":"American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101120030667600_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2024.10.008","article-title":"Neonatal Cytomegalovirus Infection: Advocacy, Legislation, and Changing Practice","volume":"52","author":"Stark","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025074229","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-074229","article-title":"Hearing-Targeted Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening: An 11-Year Experience","volume":"158","author":"Wats","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2026101120030667600_r17","article-title":"CMV Education and Newborn Screening Act","author":"Pennsylvania Department of Health","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101120030667600_r18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal Mortality: United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Gregory","year":"2023","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101120030667600_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.670","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Outcomes From the ValEAR Trial","volume":"170","author":"Orb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101120030667600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants","volume":"13","author":"Fenton","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500208","article-title":"Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single- and multiple-group comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101120030667600_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e609","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2217","article-title":"Incidence and impact of CMV infection in very low birth weight infants","volume":"133","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101120030667600_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80942-7","article-title":"Congenital and postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infections: long-term follow-up","volume":"104","author":"Kumar","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101120030667600_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s40746-022-00261-y","article-title":"Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"8","author":"Carmona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Pediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101120030667600_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.320","article-title":"Analysis of an Expanded Targeted Early Cytomegalovirus Testing Program","volume":"169","author":"Suarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20162128","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2128","article-title":"A Targeted Approach for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening Within Newborn Hearing Screening","volume":"139","author":"Fowler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101120030667600_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3441","article-title":"Newborn hearing screening and detection of congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"121","author":"Stehel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101120030667600_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.5562","article-title":"Outcomes of a Population-Based Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening Program","volume":"179","author":"Dunn","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026101120030667600_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7332a2","article-title":"Notes from the Field: Universal Newborn Screening and Surveillance for Congenital Cytomegalovirus - Minnesota, 2023\u20132024","volume":"73","author":"Kaye","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101120030667600_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns9020033","article-title":"Comparison of Overall Sensitivity and Specificity across Different Newborn Screening Algorithms for Congenital Cytomegalovirus","volume":"9","author":"Schleiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Neonatal Screen."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101120030667600_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00237-2","article-title":"Universal newborn screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"9","author":"Schleiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101120030667600_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2016","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of Universal and Targeted Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"170","author":"Gantt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101120030667600_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae311","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae311","article-title":"A Geographically Weighted Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Newborn Cytomegalovirus Screening","volume":"11","author":"Lantos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101120030667600_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz373","article-title":"Saliva Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Targeted Screening of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"220","author":"Eventov-Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"issue":"February","key":"2026101120030667600_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2019.05.015","article-title":"Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy: Diagnostic value of CMV PCR in saliva compared to urine at birth","volume":"117","author":"Exler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Virol."},{"key":"2026101120030667600_r36","article-title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) Infection and Disease 2024 Case Definition","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Hospital Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/hpeds.2026-009758\/1977603\/hosppeds.2026009758.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/hpeds.2026-009758\/1977603\/hosppeds.2026009758.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:03:17Z","timestamp":1791763397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/hospitalpediatrics\/article\/doi\/10.1542\/hpeds.2026-009758\/210931\/Congenital-Cytomegalovirus-Testing-Following"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2026-009758","relation":{},"ISSN":["2154-1663","2154-1671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2154-1663","type":"print"},{"value":"2154-1671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"article-number":"e2026009758"}}