{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:10:47Z","timestamp":1788109847947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Germinal matrix\u2013intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurs in nearly half of infants born at less than 26 weeks\u2019 gestation. Up to 50% of survivors with IVH develop cerebral palsy, cognitive deficits, behavioral disorders, posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, or a combination of these sequelae. After the initial bleeding and the primary brain injury, inflammation and secondary brain injury might lead to periventricular leukomalacia or diffuse white matter injury. Potential factors that are involved include microglia and astrocyte activation, degradation of blood components with release of \u201ctoxic\u201d products, infiltration of the brain by systemic immune cells, death of neuronal and glial cells, and arrest of preoligodendrocyte maturation. In addition, impairment of the blood-brain barrier may play a major role in the pathophysiology. A wide range of animal models has been used to explore causes and mechanisms leading to IVH-induced brain injury. Preclinical studies have identified potential targets for enhancing brain repair. However, little has been elucidated about the effectiveness of potential interventions in clinical studies. A systematic review of available preclinical and clinical studies might help identify research gaps and which types of interventions may be prioritized. Future trials should report clinically robust and long-term outcomes after IVH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.20-11-e636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T13:24:11Z","timestamp":1572614651000},"page":"e636-e652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Intraventricular Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury in Preclinical and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Romantsik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bruschettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, 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