{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:38:02Z","timestamp":1792615082476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the most common cause of neonatal early-onset sepsis among term infants and a major cause of late-onset sepsis among both term and preterm infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published separate but aligned guidelines in 2019 and 2020 for the prevention and management of perinatal GBS disease. Together, these replace prior consensus guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis based on antenatal screening for GBS colonization remains the primary recommended approach to prevent perinatal GBS disease, though the optimal window for screening is changed to 36 0\/7 to 37 6\/7 weeks of gestation rather than beginning at 35 0\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation. Penicillin, ampicillin, or cefazolin are recommended for prophylaxis, with clindamycin and vancomycin reserved for cases of significant maternal penicillin allergy. Pregnant women with a history of penicillin allergy are now recommended to undergo skin testing, because confirmation of or delabeling from a penicillin allergy can provide both short- and long-term health benefits. Aligned with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for evaluating newborns for all causes of early-onset sepsis, separate consideration should be given to infants born at less than 35 weeks\u2019 and more than or equal to 35 weeks\u2019 gestation when performing GBS risk assessment. Empiric antibiotics are recommended for infants at high risk for GBS early-onset disease. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing GBS early-onset disease, currently there is no approach for the prevention of GBS late-onset disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.22-3-e177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T10:26:09Z","timestamp":1614594369000},"page":"e177-e188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Updated Guidance: Prevention and Management of Perinatal Group B <i>Streptococcus<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Miren B.","family":"Dhudasia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Division of Neonatology and"},{"name":"\u2020Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin D.","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Division of Neonatology and"},{"name":"\u2020Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"\u2021Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Division of Neonatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Division of Neonatology and"},{"name":"\u2020Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"\u2021Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022060319231383700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0007-2018","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)","volume":"7","author":"Raabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060319231383700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003668","article-title":"Prevention of group B Streptococcal early-onset disease in newborns: ACOG committee opinion, number 797","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060319231383700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20191881","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1881","article-title":"Management of infants at risk for group B Streptococcal disease","volume":"144","author":"Puopolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022060319231383700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20162013","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2013","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis, 2005 to 2014","volume":"138","author":"Schrag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022060319231383700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593","article-title":"Early-onset neonatal sepsis 2015 to 2017, the rise of Escherichia coli, and the need for novel prevention strategies","volume":"174","author":"Stoll","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2022060319231383700_B6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B Streptococcal disease: a public health perspective","volume":"45","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022060319231383700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4826","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive early-onset and late-onset group B Streptococcal disease in the United States, 2006 to 2015: multistate laboratory and population-based surveillance","volume":"173","author":"Nanduri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2022060319231383700_B8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B Streptococcal disease. 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