{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T14:57:56Z","timestamp":1746716276078,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding physiologic water balance and homeostasis mechanisms in the neonate is critical for clinicians in the NICU as pathologic fluid accumulation increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. In addition, once this process occurs, treatment is limited. In this review, we will cover fluid homeostasis in the neonate, explain the implications of prematurity on this process, discuss the complexity of fluid accumulation and the development of fluid overload, identify mitigation strategies, and review treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.23-3-e189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T04:38:15Z","timestamp":1646109495000},"page":"e189-e204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fluid Homeostasis and Diuretic Therapy in the Neonate"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cara","family":"Slagle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja M.","family":"Gist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trina S.","family":"Hemmelgarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart L.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison L.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, NY, and Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B1","first-page":"CD000503","article-title":"Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0579-1","article-title":"The impact of fluid balance on outcomes in premature neonates: a report from the AWAKEN study group","volume":"87","author":"Selewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.046","article-title":"The long and winding road: loop diuretics in neonatology","volume":"231","author":"Greenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2369-4","article-title":"Fluid overload and mortality are associated with acute kidney injury in sick near-term\/term neonate","volume":"28","author":"Askenazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.10.048","article-title":"Fluid overload and mortality in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry","volume":"55","author":"Sutherland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4538","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis vs furosemide for prevention of fluid overload in infants after cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"171","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3818-x","article-title":"Fluid overload independent of acute kidney injury predicts poor outcomes in neonates following congenital heart surgery","volume":"33","author":"Mah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239004","article-title":"Osmotic water permeabilities of human placental microvillous and basal membranes","volume":"132","author":"Jansson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.805","article-title":"Placental transfer of inorganic ions and water","volume":"77","author":"Stulc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2022030104380824500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1998.0371","article-title":"Gestational development of water and non-electrolyte permeability of human syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes","volume":"20","author":"Jansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09852.x","article-title":"Water distribution in the foetus and newborn infant","volume":"305","author":"Friis-Hansen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1954.tb04052.x","article-title":"The extracellular fluid volume in infants and children","volume":"43","author":"Friis-Hansen","year":"1954","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr (Stockh)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1896.sp000596","article-title":"On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces","volume":"19","author":"Starling","year":"1896","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B14","first-page":"271","article-title":"Edema","volume-title":"Nephrology and Fluid\/Electrolyte Physiology: Neonatology Questions and Controversies","author":"Levenbrown","year":"2018","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.49.3.557","article-title":"Capillary fluid filtration: Starling forces and lymph flow","volume":"49","author":"Taylor","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B16","first-page":"H430","article-title":"Estimation of the filtration coefficient in intact dog lungs","volume":"238","author":"Drake","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2004.03.018","article-title":"The albumin controversy","volume":"31","author":"Uhing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq062","article-title":"Microvascular fluid exchange and the revised Starling principle","volume":"87","author":"Levick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01274.2005","article-title":"Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration","volume":"100","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F254","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.026906","article-title":"Postnatal weight loss in term infants: what is normal and do growth charts allow for it?","volume":"89","author":"Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334415597681","article-title":"Weighing the facts: a systematic review of expected patterns of weight loss in full-term, breastfed infants","volume":"32","author":"Thulier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1976.tb04917.x","article-title":"Renal function as a marker of human fetal maturation","volume":"65","author":"Siegel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.06.039","article-title":"Association between fluid intake and weight loss during the first ten days of life and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"147","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045039","article-title":"Timing of nutritional interventions in very-low-birth-weight infants: optimal neurodevelopment compared with the onset of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Lafeber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118473","article-title":"Proteolysis and phenylalanine hydroxylation in response to parenteral nutrition in extremely premature and normal newborns","volume":"97","author":"Denne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B26","first-page":"592","article-title":"Nutrient requirements and provision of nutritional support in the premature neonate","volume-title":"Fanaroff and Martin\u2019s Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Diseases of the Fetus and Infant","author":"Poindexter","year":"2015","edition":"10th ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008711","article-title":"Evaporative water loss in the new-born baby","volume":"200","author":"Hey","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13824.x","article-title":"Respiratory water loss in relation to gestational age in infants on their first day after birth","volume":"84","author":"Riesenfeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197909000-00024","article-title":"Insensible water loss and metabolic rate in low birthweight newborn infants","volume":"13","author":"Okken","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09802.x","article-title":"Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. IX. The relationship between skin blood flow and evaporation rate in fullterm infants nursed in a warm environment","volume":"72","author":"Str\u00f6mberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e725","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.20-12-e725","article-title":"The effect of preterm birth on renal development and renal health outcome","volume":"20","author":"Dyson","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.12.016","article-title":"Development of the human fetal kidney from mid to late gestation in male and female infants","volume":"27","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s5","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13482","article-title":"Skin barrier in the neonate","volume":"35","author":"Ta\u00efeb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x","article-title":"Transepidermal water loss in full-term and pre-term infants","volume":"305","author":"Sedin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09801.x","article-title":"Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. VIII. Relation to gestational age and post-natal age in appropriate and small for gestational age infants","volume":"72","author":"Hammarlund","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80601-5","article-title":"Geometric method for measuring body surface area: a height-weight formula validated in infants, children, and adults","volume":"93","author":"Haycock","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00289.x","article-title":"Development of skin barrier function in premature infants","volume":"111","author":"Kalia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0704-3","article-title":"Premature infant skin barrier maturation: status at full-term corrected age","volume":"41","author":"Visscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022030104380824500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.05.014","article-title":"Physiology: hemodynamics, endothelial function, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Navar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030104380824500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.05.009","article-title":"Aldosterone regulates Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity in human renal proximal tubule cells through mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"1833","author":"Salyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030104380824500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015070815","article-title":"Direct and indirect mineralocorticoid effects determine distal salt transport","volume":"27","author":"Terker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022030104380824500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9680-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the genomic regulation of aldosterone-stimulated NHE1 activity in SHR renal proximal tubular cells","volume":"310","author":"Pinto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90032-P","article-title":"Reflex control of magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin secretion","volume":"14","author":"Cunningham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"878","key":"2022030104380824500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1947.0037","article-title":"The antidiuretic hormone and the factors which determine its release","volume":"135","author":"Verney","year":"1947","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.211.1.255","article-title":"Effect of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on permeability of isolated collecting tubules","volume":"211","author":"Grantham","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1944.sp004048","article-title":"The renal function of newborn infants","volume":"102","author":"Heller","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B47","first-page":"F407","article-title":"Developmental aspects of the fetal renal response to exogenous arginine vasopressin","volume":"238","author":"Robillard","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.4.8404628","article-title":"Expression of vasopressin V1a and V2 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the liver and kidney of embryonic, developing, and adult rats","volume":"133","author":"Ostrowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(76)90061-7","article-title":"Ontogenic development of antidiuretic hormone receptors in rat kidney: comparison of hormonal binding and adenylate cyclase activation","volume":"4","author":"Rajerison","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V73403","article-title":"Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in humans: a potential marker of collecting duct responsiveness to vasopressin","volume":"7","author":"Elliot","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022030104380824500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90302-X","article-title":"Renal water channel expression in newborns: measurement of urinary excretion of aquaporin-2","volume":"47","author":"Tsukahara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000064147","article-title":"Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion in preterm and full-term neonates","volume":"82","author":"Nyul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00097-9","article-title":"Postnatal weight loss and contraction of the extracellular compartment is triggered by atrial natriuretic peptide","volume":"59","author":"Modi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B54","first-page":"151","article-title":"Fluid and electrolyte management of high-risk infants","volume-title":"Nephrology and Fluid\/Electrolyte Physiology: Neonatology Questions and Controversies","author":"Segar","year":"2018","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(87)80218-8","article-title":"Effect of moderate hypoxemia on atrial natriuretic factor and arginine vasopressin in normal man","volume":"148","author":"du Souich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(86)91108-3","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) from the isolated rat and rabbit heart","volume":"140","author":"Baertschi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"2022030104380824500_B57","first-page":"H147","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic factor release from rat hearts","volume":"257","author":"Lew","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"2022030104380824500_B58","first-page":"H1377","article-title":"Corticoid regulation of atrial natriuretic factor secretion and gene expression","volume":"263","author":"Dananberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(10)80001-2","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"280","author":"Porzionato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(85)91226-4","article-title":"Release of atriopeptin in the rat by vasoconstrictors or water immersion correlates with changes in right atrial pressure","volume":"133","author":"Katsube","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.06.011","article-title":"Regulation of ANP secretion from isolated atria by prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"30","author":"Bai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.101734","article-title":"Glomerulogenesis: can it predict the gestational age? A study of 176 fetuses","volume":"55","author":"Chikkannaiah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.510646","article-title":"Marked interindividual variability in renal maturation of preterm infants: lessons from autopsy","volume":"23","author":"Faa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-3029-2","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of postnatal glomerulogenesis in extremely preterm infants","volume":"7","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022030104380824500_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010121266","article-title":"Accelerated maturation and abnormal morphology in the preterm neonatal kidney","volume":"22","author":"Sutherland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B66","first-page":"CD000503","article-title":"Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002107","article-title":"Assessment of the independent and synergistic effects of fluid overload and acute kidney injury on outcomes of critically ill children","volume":"21","author":"Gist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030104380824500_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002337","article-title":"Profile of fluid exposure and recognition of fluid overload in critically ill children","volume":"21","author":"Al-Lawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0323-6","article-title":"Fluid overload in the ICU: evaluation and management","volume":"17","author":"Claure-Del Granado","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004617","article-title":"Fluid overload and mortality in adult critical care patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"48","author":"Messmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B71","first-page":"CD004208","article-title":"Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants","author":"Jardine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022030104380824500_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.09.009","article-title":"Modulators of inflammation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"42","author":"Savani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022030104380824500_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3217-9","article-title":"Role of selected cytokines in the etiopathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborns","volume":"32","author":"Szpecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000501748","article-title":"acute kidney injury and fluid resuscitation in septic patients: are we protecting the kidney?","volume":"143","author":"Montomoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.03.005","article-title":"Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants is underscored by the magnitude of Th1 cytokine polarization","volume":"58","author":"Varvarigou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2014.0060","article-title":"Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: a systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Malbrain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-007-0062-4","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factors in pulmonary edema: an update","volume":"25","author":"Kosmidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.08.027","article-title":"Fluid overload FADEs away! Time for fluid stewardship","volume":"48","author":"Jacobs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s40746-019-00171-6","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and fluid overload in pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"5","author":"Carlisle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.4540","article-title":"Association between fluid balance and outcomes in critically ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Alobaidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0183-9","article-title":"The impact of fluid balance on outcomes in critically ill near-term\/term neonates: a report from the AWAKEN study group","volume":"85","author":"Selewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30069-X","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury (AWAKEN): a multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Jetton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135118775413","article-title":"Patel SS, Jaggers J, Faubel S, Gist KM. Acute kidney injury defined by fluid corrected creatinine in neonates after the Norwood procedure","volume":"9","author":"SooHoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1163-7","article-title":"Fluid overload and acute kidney injury: cause or consequence?","volume":"19","author":"Ostermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3819","article-title":"Neonatal acute kidney injury","volume":"136","author":"Selewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.136","article-title":"Developing a neonatal acute kidney injury research definition: a report from the NIDDK neonatal AKI workshop","volume":"82","author":"Zappitelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00810-z","article-title":"Improving the quality of neonatal acute kidney injury care: neonatal-specific response to the 22nd Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference","volume":"41","author":"Harer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182772f61","article-title":"Acute kidney injury based on corrected serum creatinine is associated with increased morbidity in children following the arterial switch operation","volume":"14","author":"Basu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0009","article-title":"Short-term gestation, long-term risk: prematurity and chronic kidney disease","volume":"131","author":"Carmody","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l1346","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1346","article-title":"Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study","volume":"365","author":"Crump","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3603-x","article-title":"Follow-up of Acute kidney injury in Neonates during Childhood Years (FANCY): a prospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Harer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0656-7","article-title":"Preterm birth and neonatal acute kidney injury: implications on adolescent and adult outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Harer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.39.2.245","article-title":"Interaction of capillary, interstitial, and lymphatic forces in the canine hindpaw","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1097\/pq9.0000000000000110","article-title":"adherence to daily weights and total fluid orders in the pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"3","author":"Ahearn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Qual Saf"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00068","article-title":"Assessment of worldwide acute kidney injury epidemiology in neonates: design of a retrospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Jetton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13381215","article-title":"Acute kidney injury urine biomarkers in very low-birth-weight infants","volume":"11","author":"Askenazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2185-x","article-title":"Are we ready for the clinical use of novel acute kidney injury biomarkers?","volume":"27","author":"Askenazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2022030104380824500_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.066","article-title":"Combining functional and tubular damage biomarkers improves diagnostic precision for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"64","author":"Basu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1673-0","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers to detect acute kidney injury in the pediatric emergency center","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0698-8","article-title":"The effectiveness of urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in predicting acute kidney injury in critically ill neonates","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3655-y","article-title":"Kinetics of the cell cycle arrest biomarkers (TIMP-2*IGFBP-7) for prediction of acute kidney injury in infants after cardiac surgery","volume":"32","author":"Gist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.02.007","article-title":"Urine biomarkers predict acute kidney injury in newborns","volume":"161","author":"Askenazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.07.041","article-title":"Association between elevated urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and postoperative acute kidney injury in neonates","volume":"238","author":"Slagle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3182275164","article-title":"Baseline values of candidate urine acute kidney injury biomarkers vary by gestational age in premature infants","volume":"70","author":"Askenazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3643","article-title":"Bilirubin-binding capacity in premature infants","volume":"121","author":"Amin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2012008042","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008042","article-title":"Low bilirubin kernicterus with sepsis and hypoalbuminaemia","volume":"2013","author":"Odutolu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.199","article-title":"Unbound bilirubin predicts abnormal automated auditory brainstem response in a diverse newborn population","volume":"29","author":"Ahlfors","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16203","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16203","article-title":"Albumin administration prevents neurological damage and death in a mouse model of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"5","author":"Vodret","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1707","article-title":"Reported medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit: data from a large national data set","volume":"117","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.043","article-title":"Furosemide exposure and prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants","volume":"208","author":"Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24592","article-title":"Respiratory medication use in extremely premature (&lt;29 weeks) infants during initial NICU hospitalization: Results from the prematurity and respiratory outcomes program","volume":"55","author":"Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.10.073","article-title":"Loop diuretics in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: cumulative use and associations with mortality and age at discharge","volume":"231","author":"Bamat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R168","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5115","article-title":"Evaluation of furosemide regimens in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"10","author":"van der Vorst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3334-4","article-title":"Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Blowey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-53367-6.00015-7","article-title":"Use of diuretics in the newborn","volume-title":"Nephrology and Fluid\/Electrolyte Physiology: Neonatology Questions and Controversies","author":"Guignard","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808063390607","article-title":"Diuretic therapy","volume":"339","author":"Brater","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022030104380824500_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05673.x","article-title":"Comparison of adverse reactions to bumetanide and furosemide","volume":"21","author":"Tuzel","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01631.x","article-title":"Bumetanide and frusemide: a comparison of dose-response curves in healthy men","volume":"5","author":"Ramsay","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5794","key":"2022030104380824500_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5794.211","article-title":"Bumetanide: potent new \u201cloop\u201d diuretic","volume":"1","author":"Asbury","year":"1972","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B120","first-page":"127","article-title":"Pathophysiology of furosemide ototoxicity","volume":"11","author":"Rybak","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2165\/11596620-000000000-00000","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide in neonates and infants","volume":"14","author":"Pacifici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"2022030104380824500_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02648.x","article-title":"Protein binding and bilirubin displacing properties of bumetanide and furosemide","volume":"22","author":"Turmen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)36766-9","article-title":"Pharmacology of diuretics in the newborn","volume":"36","author":"Chemtob","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B124","first-page":"1711","article-title":"Determinants of the overall response to furosemide: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"42","author":"Brater","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000457612","article-title":"Renal response to furosemide in very low birth weight infants during chronic administration","volume":"15","author":"Mirochnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00606423","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in neonates","volume":"22","author":"Vert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)81181-0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic disposition and protein binding of furosemide in newborn infants","volume":"93","author":"Aranda","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00714-5","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent furosemide infusion in critically ill infants after open heart operations","volume":"64","author":"Luciani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030104380824500_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1443","article-title":"Use of continuous-infusion loop diuretics in critically ill children","volume":"34","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030104380824500_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632366","article-title":"Physiological approach to sodium supplementation in preterm infants","volume":"35","author":"Segar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-014-3619-2","article-title":"Effect of sodium deficiency on growth of surgical infants: a retrospective observational study","volume":"30","author":"Mansour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114558303","article-title":"Impact of early sodium supplementation on hyponatremia and growth in premature infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Isemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030104380824500_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051173","article-title":"Nephrocalcinosis in full-term infants receiving furosemide treatment for congestive heart failure: a study of the incidence and 2-year follow up","volume":"158","author":"Saarela","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02886.x","article-title":"Exposure to furosemide as the strongest risk factor for nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants","volume":"52","author":"Gimpel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B135","first-page":"26","article-title":"Impact of early versus late diuretic exposure on metabolic bone disease and growth in premature neonates","volume":"23","author":"Orth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb02427.x","article-title":"Recurrent abdominal and flank pain in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria","volume":"90","author":"Vachvanichsanong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.1.3964925","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis in premature infants","volume":"154","author":"Gilsanz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000244391","article-title":"Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants","volume":"71","author":"Borradori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022030104380824500_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02699.x","article-title":"Unexpected extra-renal effects of loop diuretics in the preterm neonate","volume":"101","author":"Cotton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022030104380824500_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500294098","article-title":"Ototoxic drugs and sensorineural hearing loss following severe neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"95","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81972-9","article-title":"Addition of metolazone to overcome tolerance to furosemide in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"120","author":"Segar","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80393-4","article-title":"Displacement of bilirubin from human albumin by three diuretics","volume":"90","author":"Wennberg","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"24","key":"2022030104380824500_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14552","article-title":"The thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter is an aldosterone-induced protein","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.814","article-title":"Effect of diuretics on urinary oxalate, calcium, and sodium excretion in very low birth weight infants","volume":"99","author":"Campfield","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213325","article-title":"Hydrochlorothiazide treatment of children with hypercalciuria: effects and side effects","volume":"7","author":"Reusz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E618","article-title":"Clinical experience with spironolactone in pediatrics","volume":"39","author":"Buck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17859","article-title":"Ovarian cyst in a premature infant treated with spironolactone","volume":"18","author":"Vachharajani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022030104380824500_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03806.x","article-title":"Elucidating the relationship between acetazolamide plasma protein binding and renal clearance using an albumin infusion","volume":"32","author":"Gomolin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B149","first-page":"883","article-title":"Treatment of refractory congestive heart failure and normokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis with acetazolamide and spironolactone","volume":"123","author":"Khan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e31822b4939","article-title":"Acetazolamide: a forgotten diuretic agent","volume":"19","author":"Kassamali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022030104380824500_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03340.x","article-title":"Acetazolamide blood concentrations are excessive in the elderly: propensity for acidosis and relationship to renal function","volume":"29","author":"Chapron","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7565","key":"2022030104380824500_B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38902.605347.7C","article-title":"Meta-analysis of frusemide to prevent or treat acute renal failure","volume":"333","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022030104380824500_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R207","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13015","article-title":"Development and standardization of a furosemide stress test to predict the severity of acute kidney injury","volume":"17","author":"Chawla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.12.076","article-title":"Furosemide response predicts acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery","volume":"157","author":"Penk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2022030104380824500_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.04.011","article-title":"The furosemide stress test for prediction of worsening acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational study","volume":"52","author":"Rewa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030104380824500_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2910-8","article-title":"Designing technology to meet the therapeutic demands of acute renal injury in neonates and small infants","volume":"29","author":"Hothi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022030104380824500_B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001349","article-title":"the impact of fluid overload on outcomes in children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Selewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022030104380824500_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04240415","article-title":"Follow-Up Renal Assessment of Injury Long-Term After Acute Kidney Injury (FRAIL-AKI)","volume":"11","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022030104380824500_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.08.044","article-title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy for children \u226410 kg: a report from the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry","volume":"162","author":"Askenazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030104380824500_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03240319","article-title":"Kidney support in children using an ultrafiltration device: a multicenter, retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022030104380824500_B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12978","article-title":"Kidney support therapy in the pediatric patient: unique considerations for a unique population","volume":"34","author":"Askenazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"9931","key":"2022030104380824500_B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60799-6","article-title":"Continuous renal replacement therapy in neonates and small infants: development and first-in-human use of a miniaturised machine (CARPEDIEM)","volume":"383","author":"Ronco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022030104380824500_B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04562-y","article-title":"Continuous kidney replacement therapy in critically ill neonates and infants: a retrospective analysis of clinical results with a dedicated device","volume":"35","author":"Garzotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022030104380824500_B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2923-3","article-title":"Haemodialysing babies weighing &lt;8 kg with the Newcastle infant dialysis and ultrafiltration system (Nidus): comparison with peritoneal and conventional haemodialysis","volume":"29","author":"Coulthard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["NeoReviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/neoreviews\/article-pdf\/23\/3\/e189\/1264986\/neoreviews.092021cmerev00153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/neoreviews\/article-pdf\/23\/3\/e189\/1264986\/neoreviews.092021cmerev00153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T04:40:11Z","timestamp":1646109611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/neoreviews\/article\/23\/3\/e189\/185193\/Fluid-Homeostasis-and-Diuretic-Therapy-in-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/neo.23-3-e189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9906"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-9906"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}}}