{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:06Z","timestamp":1792176366894,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The overall prevalence of opiate use has been increasing, currently affecting approximately 0.6% of the global population and resulting in a significant proportion of infants being born with prenatal opioid exposure. Animal and human models of prenatal opioid exposure demonstrate detrimental effects on brain anatomy as well as neurodevelopment. Less is known about the neurologic sequelae of postnatal opioid exposure in hospitalized infants. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the impact of prenatal and postnatal opioid exposure on the brain and on neurodevelopment outcomes. We also identify resources and management strategies that may help mitigate neurodevelopmental delays and deficits associated with opioid exposure in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.25-6-e325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T03:00:37Z","timestamp":1717210837000},"page":"e325-e337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Developmental Outcomes after Opioid Exposure in the Fetus and Neonate"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Department of Pediatrics, Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpashri","family":"Kesavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060103002833800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/c8bbbf82-en","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2020: 2\u2014Drug Use and Health Consequences","author":"UN Office of Drugs and Crime","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060103002833800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320102","article-title":"Opioids and the developing brain: time to rethink perinatal care for infants of opioid-dependent mothers","volume":"107","author":"Boardman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"31","key":"2024060103002833800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1","article-title":"Opioid use disorder documented at delivery hospitalization - United States, 1999\u20132014","volume":"67","author":"Haight","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"28","key":"2024060103002833800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6928a1","article-title":"Vital signs: prescription opioid pain reliever use during pregnancy - 34 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024060103002833800_B5","article-title":"Clinical guidance for treating pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder and their infants SAMHSA","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024060103002833800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.11.1058","article-title":"Do we still hurt newborn babies? 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