{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:03:40Z","timestamp":1791288220626,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003To evaluate neonatal outcomes after an elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS) compared with a trial of labor (TOL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Population and Method.\u2003All mothers who underwent previous cesarean section and delivered singleton infants at term gestation were identified during a 1-year period. Neonatal outcomes were compared between infants delivered by ERCS (n = 497) and those delivered by TOL (n = 492), and between infants delivered by a successful (n = 336) and a failed (n = 156) TOL. A cohort of mothers and their term infants delivered by routine vaginal delivery were also identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2003Infants delivered by ERCS had an increased rate of transient tachypnea compared with infants born by TOL (6% vs 3%). Compared with routine vaginal deliveries, the adjusted odds ratio of developing any respiratory problem after an ERCS was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 3.8), and for developing transient tachypnea was 2.6 (CI: 1.5, 4.5). In addition, two infants delivered by ERCS developed respiratory distress syndrome. Infants delivered after a TOL had increased rates of suspected and proven sepsis (5% vs 2% and 1% vs 0.1%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with a successful TOL, the infants delivered by cesarean section after a failed TOL had more neonatal morbidity and had a longer hospital stay (4.8 \u00b1 2 vs 3.1 \u00b1 2 days). The odds ratio for developing any respiratory illness after a failed TOL was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1, 4.1), for suspected sepsis was 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6, 9.0), and for proven sepsis was 19.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 187). Neonatal outcomes after a successful TOL were similar to routine vaginal births.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion.\u2003Infants born by ERCS are at increased risk for developing respiratory problems compared with those born by TOL. However, TOL is associated with increased rates of suspected and proven sepsis. This appears to be limited to infants delivered by cesarean section after a failed TOL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.3.348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T19:40:17Z","timestamp":1092426017000},"page":"348-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Neonatal Morbidity After Elective Repeat Cesarean Section and Trial of Labor"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Brenda","family":"Hook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeid B.","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avroy","family":"Fanaroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121017002949800_B1"},{"key":"2021121017002949800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440240076019","article-title":"International differences in the use of obstetric interventions.","volume":"263","author":"Notzon","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121017002949800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90884-4","article-title":"Iatrogenic respiratory distress syndrome. An analysis of obstetric events preceding delivery of infants who develop respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"123","author":"Goldenberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121017002949800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90462-2","article-title":"Neonatal respiratory distress following elective delivery. A preventable disease?","volume":"126","author":"Hack","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121017002949800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03280200048017","article-title":"Elective delivery of the term fetus. 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