{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:32:58Z","timestamp":1763746378318,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States 1.4 million children were maltreated in 1988, resulting in an estimated 2000 to 5000 deaths.1Largely due to the rising awareness and sensitivity to the horrors of child abuse, the number of deaths declined to approximately 1500 in 1993.2 Guidelines have been published to aid in the identification and management of child maltreatment,3 and reporting of all suspicious cases is mandated by law. In our zealous efforts to protect children, some families are investigated because of misdiagnosed abnormalities, often cutaneous,4 leading to the unintentional injury of both patients and their families.5<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this report, we describe two patients with cutaneous and\/or visceral manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) who were initially thought to be victims of child abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.4.e6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1092440417000},"page":"e6-e6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Two Cases of Incontinentia Pigmenti Simulating Child Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Ciarallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Paller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120904414322500_B1"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.338","article-title":"Estimates of fatal child abuse and neglect, United States, 1979 through 1988.","volume":"91","author":"McClain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360060098034","volume":"254","author":"American Medical Association Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs: AMA diagnostic and treatment guidelines concerning child abuse and neglect","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B4","first-page":"906","article-title":"The cutaneous manifestations of child abuse and neglect.","volume":"133","author":"Ellerstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270210020012","article-title":"\u201cPseudobattered child\u201d syndrome.","volume":"236","author":"Anh","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140110027022","article-title":"The mistaken diagnosis of child abuse.","volume":"139","author":"Kirschner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.80.3.441","article-title":"Child abuse: the conflict of underdetection and overreporting.","volume":"80","author":"Silverman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.69.5.672","article-title":"Mongolian spots, day care centers and child abuse.","volume":"69","author":"Dungy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.9.860","article-title":"Bleeding disorders and non-accidental injury.","volume":"59","author":"O'Hare","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.2.283","article-title":"Hypersensitivity vasculitis presenting as suspected child abuse: case report and literature 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abuse.","volume":"120","author":"Owen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-198509000-00010","article-title":"Skin conditions simulating child abuse.","volume":"1","author":"Saulsbury","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380050085026","article-title":"Schonlein-Henoch purpura misdiagnosed as suspected child abuse: a case report and literature review.","volume":"256","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021120904414322500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.1.53","article-title":"Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome).","volume":"30","author":"Landy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med 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