{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T15:10:40Z","timestamp":1746717040080,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background.\u2003Boys and young men with hemophilia treated with factor infusions before 1985 had a substantial risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study was designed to assess the effects of HIV and hemophilia per se on neurological function in a large cohort of subjects with hemophilia, and to investigate the relationships between neurological disease and death during follow-up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods.\u2003Three hundred thirty-three boys and young men (207 HIV seropositive and 126 HIV seronegative) were evaluated longitudinally in a multicenter, multidisciplinary study. Neurological history and examination were conducted at baseline and annually for 4 years. The relationship between neurological variables, HIV serostatus, CD4+ cell counts, and vital status at the conclusion of the study was examined using logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results.\u2003The risks of nonhemophilia-associated muscle atrophy, behavior change, and gait disturbance increased with time in immune compromised HIV-seropositive subjects compared with HIV seronegative or immunologically stable HIV-seropositive subjects. The risk of behavior change in immune compromised HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs, for example, rose to 60% by year 4 versus 10% to 17% for the other study groups. Forty-five subjects (13.5%), all of whom were HIV seropositive, died by year 4. Subjects who died had had increased risks of hyperreflexia, nonhemophilia-associated muscle atrophy, and behavior change.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions.\u2003These results indicate that immune compromised, HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs have high rates of neurological abnormalities over time and that neurological abnormalities were common among subjects who later died. By contrast, immunologically stable HIV-seropositive subjects did not differ from the HIV-seronegative participants. Hemophilia per se was associated with progressive abnormalities of gait, coordination, and motor function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1092440417000},"page":"817-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Longitudinal Neurological Follow-up of a Group of HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Hemophiliacs: Results From the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Wendy G.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Research Institute, Inc, Watertown, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James F.","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Maeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Research Institute, Inc, Watertown, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharyne M.","family":"Donfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Research Institute, Inc, Watertown, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhuwan","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riley Hospital, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann H.","family":"Tilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Childrens Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Bohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121006460773800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199305000-00009","article-title":"Hemophilia Growth and Development Study: design, methods and entry data.","volume":"15","author":"Hilgartner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.4.736","article-title":"Neurologic history and examination results and their relationship to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serostatus in hemophilic subjects: results from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study.","volume":"91","author":"Bale","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/19.2.223","article-title":"Hemophilia Growth and Development Study: baseline neurodevelopmental findings.","volume":"19","author":"Loveland","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83177-4","article-title":"Delayed somatic growth and pubertal development in human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophiliac boys: Hemophilia Growth and Development Study.","volume":"124","author":"Gertner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.4.742","article-title":"Effects of human immunodeficiency virus and immune status on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in hemophilic subjects: results from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study.","volume":"91","author":"Mitchell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830460106","article-title":"Immune and serologic profiles of HIV-infected and noninfected hemophilic children and adolescents: Hemophilia Growth and Development Study Group.","volume":"46","author":"Jason","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B7"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B8"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models.","volume":"73","author":"Liang, KY, Zeger SL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476493","article-title":"Analysis of semiparametric regression models for repeated outcomes in the presence of missing data.","volume":"90","author":"Robins","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B11"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1983.10482731","article-title":"A note on confidence bands for the logistic response curve.","volume":"37","author":"Huack","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B13","first-page":"1S","article-title":"Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.","volume":"36","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B14","first-page":"225","article-title":"Classification system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children under 13 years of age.","volume":"36","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B15","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults.","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus in children less than 13 years of age.","volume":"43","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.10.1924","article-title":"HIV-1 infection and intravenous drug use: longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation of asymptomatic subjects.","volume":"42","author":"Selnes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83486-9","article-title":"Neuropsychologic functioning of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with hemophilia.","volume":"122","author":"Whitt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121006460773800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.2.267","article-title":"Cognitive performance after progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.","volume":"45","author":"Selnes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/100\/5\/817\/890356\/pe119700817o.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/100\/5\/817\/890356\/pe119700817o.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T07:32:38Z","timestamp":1734507158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/100\/5\/817\/64673\/Longitudinal-Neurological-Follow-up-of-a-Group-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.100.5.817","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"},{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]}}}