{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:40:38Z","timestamp":1773236438383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003To evaluate for the presence of subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) in cases of suspected sexual abuse in children.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Design.\u2003Prospective data collection via interviews, physical examination, colposcopic examination, and tissue sampling by a surface swab technique.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Setting.\u2003A total of 40 pediatric patients ranging in age from 1 to 16 years who were referred to the Special Assessment and Management Clinic at Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, for probable or confirmed sexual abuse.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Interventions.\u2003In addition to colposcopic examination for physical signs of abuse, the patients were screened for evidence of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, andChlamydia. At that time, surveillance sampling of the throat, vaginal introitus, and\/or rectum by a simple, rapid surface swab technique was performed to detect the presence of HPV.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Measurements.\u2003Template DNA was extracted from cotton swabs and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results.\u2003Human \u03b2-globin sequences were detected in 58 (83%) of 70 specimens obtained from 40 patients, indicating successful processing had occurred. Using a consensus L1 primer-probe set capable of detecting multiple HPV genotypes, 2 (3%) of 58 samples from 2 (5%) of 40 patients were positive for HPV 16. None of the other 56 specimens yielded evidence of HPV. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included in each assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions.\u2003Our results suggest that subclinical HPV infection is possible, but not commonly associated with sexual abuse in children from St Louis, MO. In this group of children without condyloma, HPV 16 was the only type identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:44:32Z","timestamp":1092440672000},"page":"43-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Screening in Pediatric Victims of Sexual Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Elaine","family":"Siegfried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Dermatology and"},{"name":"Pediatrics, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, St Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Rasnick-Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Dermatology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Dermatology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, St Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120904470971000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(90)90077-7","article-title":"Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors.","volume":"14","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neg."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B2"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B3","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Frequency and significance of physical evidence in legally proven cases of child sexual abuse.","volume":"84","author":"De Jong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.3.310","article-title":"Examination findings in legally confirmed child sexual abuse.","volume":"94","author":"Adams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B5","first-page":"307","article-title":"Genital injuries resulting from sexual abuse: a longitudinal study.","volume":"89","author":"McCann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19940701-11","article-title":"Testing sexually abused children for sexually transmitted diseases: who to test, when to test, and why.","volume":"23","author":"Sirotnak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.1.31","article-title":"Transmission of human genital papillomavirus disease: comparison of data from adults and children.","volume":"91","author":"Gutman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B8"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460040048027","article-title":"Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a PCR-based method.","volume":"265","author":"Bauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3101(24)00286-X","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections.","volume":"39","author":"Moscicki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210293271804","article-title":"A cohort study of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 in relation to papillomavirus infection.","volume":"327","author":"Koutsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92961-E","article-title":"Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: part of a multifocal disease process.","volume":"340","author":"Scholefield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B13","first-page":"817","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric population.","volume":"144","author":"Boyd","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B14","first-page":"306","article-title":"Condyloma acuminatum\u2014United States, 1966\u20131981.","volume":"32","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19940701-09","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections in children.","volume":"23","author":"Frasier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110000610","article-title":"Perinatal vertical transmission of human papillomavirus and subsequent development of respiratory tract papillomavirus.","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.5.855","article-title":"Human papillomavirus DNA associated with foreskins of normal newborns.","volume":"153","author":"Roman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B18","first-page":"196","article-title":"Perinatal transmission and maternal risks of human papillomavirus infection.","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1185","article-title":"Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in amniotic fluids of pregnant women with cervical lesions.","volume":"54","author":"Armbruster-Moraes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13153.x","article-title":"Cancer associated human papillomaviruses: perinatal transmission and persistence.","volume":"101","author":"Pakarian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1954.02940380043010c","article-title":"Genital warts\u2014a venereal disease.","volume":"154","author":"Barrett","year":"1954","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B22"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B23","first-page":"136","article-title":"Communal showers and the risk of plantar warts.","volume":"40","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Fam Pract."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb15515.x","article-title":"Transmission of virus particles by cryotherapy and multi-use caustic pencils: a problem to dermatologists?","volume":"121","author":"Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670360039004","article-title":"Anogenital warts in children.","volume":"126","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70200-2","article-title":"Condyloma acuminata in children: frequent association with human papillomaviruses responsible for cutaneous warts.","volume":"23","author":"Obalek","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00031.x","article-title":"Childhood condyloma acuminatum: association with genital cutaneous human papillomaviruses.","volume":"10","author":"Obalek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(89)90009-4","article-title":"Anogenital warts in childhood.","volume":"13","author":"Hanson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198801000-00014","article-title":"Association of coexisting vaginal infections and multiple abusers in female children with genital warts.","volume":"15","author":"Herman-Giddens","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.254","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of sexual abuse of children.","volume":"87","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B31"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B32"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B33"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00152.x","article-title":"Trichilemmomas are not associated with human papillomavirus DNA.","volume":"18","author":"Leonardi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.18.1477","article-title":"Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus primers.","volume":"82","author":"Resnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(92)90015-4","article-title":"Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in seborrheic keratosis by polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875","article-title":"Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase.","volume":"239","author":"Saiki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80437-8","article-title":"Sexual abuse in girls: what have we learned about genital anatomy?","volume":"120","author":"Emans","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(93)90011-S","article-title":"Medical diagnosis of the sexually abused child.","volume":"17","author":"Bays","year":"1993","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B40","first-page":"99","article-title":"1993 Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines.","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B41"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.3.428","article-title":"Genital findings in prepubertal girls selected for nonabuse: a descriptive study.","volume":"86","author":"McCann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198509263131304","article-title":"Latent papillomavirus and recurring genital warts.","volume":"313","author":"Ferenczy","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B44"},{"key":"2021120904470971000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.6.1163","article-title":"The progression of human papillomavirus lesions in sexual assault victims.","volume":"96","author":"Kellogg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/101\/1\/43\/823653\/43.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/101\/1\/43\/823653\/43.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T07:39:08Z","timestamp":1734507548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/101\/1\/43\/52311\/Human-Papillomavirus-Screening-in-Pediatric"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.101.1.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]}}}