{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:11:38Z","timestamp":1792127498600,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2003There is a growing body of clinical and laboratory evidence to support the notion that food allergy plays a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the incidence of IgE-mediated food allergy in children with AD is not well established.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Design.\u2003A prospective study to determine the prevalence of IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity among patients referred to a university-based dermatologist for evaluation of AD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Setting.\u2003University hospital pediatric dermatology clinic.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients.\u2003A total of 63 patients with AD were recruited (35 male; 32 white, 24 African-American, 7 Asian).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods.\u2003Patients were assigned an AD symptom score (SCORAD) and were screened for food-specific serum IgE antibodies to six foods (milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, fish) known to be the most allergenic in children. The levels of food-specific serum IgE were determined by the CAP System fluoroscein-enzyme immunoassay (CAP); patients with a value \u22650.7 kIUa\/L were invited for an additional allergy evaluation. Those with CAP values below the cutoff were considered not food allergic. Patients were considered to be allergic if they met one of the following criteria for at least one food: 1) reaction on food challenge; 2) CAP value more than the 95% confidence interval predictive for a reaction; 3) convincing history of an acute significant (hives, respiratory symptoms) reaction after the isolated ingestion of a food to which there was a positive CAP or prick skin test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results.\u2003A total of 63 patients (median age, 2.8 years; median SCORAD, 41.1) were recruited; 22 had negative CAP values (without a significant difference in age or SCORAD score, compared with the 41 with positive specific IgE values). Further allergy evaluation was offered to the 41 remaining patients; 10 were lost to follow-up and 31 were evaluated further. Of these, 19 underwent a total of 50 food challenges (36 double-blind, placebo-controlled, and 14 open), with 11 patients experiencing 18 positive challenges (94% with skin reactions). Additionally, 6 patients had a convincing history with a predictive level of IgE; 5 had a convincing history with positive, indeterminate levels of IgE; and 1 had predictive levels of IgE (to egg and peanut) without a history of an acute reaction. Overall, 23\/63 (37%; 95% confidence interval, 25% to 50%) had clinically significant IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity without a significant difference in age or symptom score between those with or without food allergy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions.\u2003Approximately one third of children with refractory, moderate\u2013severe AD have IgE-mediated clinical reactivity to food proteins. The prevalence of food allergy in this population is significantly higher than that in the general population, and an evaluation for food allergy should be considered in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.e8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:44:32Z","timestamp":1092440672000},"page":"e8-e8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":479,"title":["Prevalence of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy Among Children With Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Philippe A.","family":"Eigenmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; the Departments of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott H.","family":"Sicherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Borkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh A.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121000260254500_B1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis.","volume":"21","author":"Hanafin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Monogr Allergy."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80390-5","article-title":"Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients.","volume":"107","author":"Sampson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90464-5","article-title":"Role of immediate food hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.","volume":"71","author":"Sampson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80626-7","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: clinical relevance of food hypersensitivity reactions.","volume":"113","author":"Burks","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(74)90037-2","article-title":"Serum IgE concentration in atopic dermatitis.","volume":"54","author":"Johnson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B6"},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B7","first-page":"256","article-title":"Diagnosis of IgE-mediated reactions to food antigens by radioimmunoassay.","volume":"55","author":"Hoffman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80005-0","article-title":"Consequences of IgE\/CD23-mediated antigen presentation in allergy.","volume":"16","author":"Mudde","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B9","first-page":"335","article-title":"Allergen presentation by epidermal Langerhans' cells from patients with atopic dermatitis is mediated by IgE.","volume":"69","author":"Mudde","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.5.1285","article-title":"Human epidermal Langerhans' cells express the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc\u03b5RI).","volume":"175","author":"Bieber","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.11.5184","article-title":"Activation of human epidermal Langerhans' cells by engagement of the high affinity receptor for IgE, Fc\u03b5RI.","volume":"155","author":"Jurgens","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.745","article-title":"Expression of functional high affinity immunoglobulin E receptors (Fc\u03b5RI) on monocytes of atopic individuals.","volume":"179","author":"Maurer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(65)80273-6","article-title":"The prediction of asthma in infantile eczema.","volume":"66","author":"Pasternack","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(65)80274-8","article-title":"A twenty-one year follow-up of infantile eczema.","volume":"66","author":"Stifler","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80323-3","article-title":"Natural history of food hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis.","volume":"115","author":"Sampson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000247298","article-title":"Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index.","volume":"186","author":"AA European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80689-4","article-title":"Patterns of food hypersensitivity during sixteen years of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges.","volume":"117","author":"Bock","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90083-6","article-title":"Comparison of results of skin tests, RAST, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis.","volume":"74","author":"Sampson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70133-7","article-title":"Relationship between food-specific IgE concentrations and the risk of positive food challenges in children and adolescents.","volume":"100","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90070-X","article-title":"Comparative study of commercial food antigen extracts for the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity.","volume":"82","author":"Sampson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90083-3","article-title":"Comparison of results of skin prick tests (with fresh foods and commercial food extracts) and RAST in 100 patients with oral allergy syndrome.","volume":"83","author":"Ortolani","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90135-2","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) as an office procedure: a manual.","volume":"82","author":"Bock","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1978.tb01509.x","article-title":"Proper use of skin tests with food extracts in diagnosis of food hypersensitivity.","volume":"8","author":"Bock","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Allergy."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B24"},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B25","first-page":"985","article-title":"Eczema in childhood.","volume":"1","author":"Talbot","year":"1918","journal-title":"Med Clinics North Am."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1928.00130200024002","article-title":"Absorption of undigested proteins in human beings: the absorption of unaltered fish protein in adults.","volume":"42","author":"Brunner","year":"1928","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1935.01970070058005","article-title":"Absorption of undigested proteins in human beings. IV. Absorption of unaltered egg protein in infants.","volume":"50","author":"Wilson","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B28","first-page":"651","article-title":"Eczema and environment.","volume":"20","author":"Engman","year":"1936","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907273210405","article-title":"Spontaneous release of histamine from basophils and histamine-releasing factor in patients with atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity.","volume":"321","author":"Sampson","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408093110605","article-title":"Increased plasma histamine concentrations after food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis.","volume":"311","author":"Sampson","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00344.x","article-title":"Cutaneous late-phase response in food-allergic children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis.","volume":"23","author":"Charlesworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70166-Y","article-title":"A current perspective on the role of eosinophils in dermatologic diseases.","volume":"24","author":"Lieferman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12514346","article-title":"The structure of normal skin and the morphology of atopic eczema.","volume":"67","author":"Mihm","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12480966","article-title":"High frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ allergen-specific T lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis lesional skin.","volume":"97","author":"van der Heijden","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00215.x","article-title":"Evidence for eosinophil activation in cow's milk allergy.","volume":"5","author":"Suomalainen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70009-9","article-title":"A role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in patients with food-sensitive atopic dermatitis.","volume":"96","author":"Magnarin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240605","article-title":"Differential expression of lymphocyte homing receptors by human memory\/effector T cells in pulmonary versus cutaneous immune effector sites.","volume":"24","author":"Picker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00539.x","article-title":"Detection of a kappa-casein-specific lymphocyte response in milk-responsive atopic dermatitis.","volume":"26","author":"Werfel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B39"},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680120059004","article-title":"Natural history of sensitizations in atopic dermatitis.","volume":"128","author":"Guillet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63003-7","article-title":"Disease management of atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter.","volume":"79","author":"Leung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(82)90096-3","article-title":"The natural history of food sensitivity.","volume":"69","author":"Bock","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2021121000260254500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80133-7","article-title":"Recovery from milk allergy in early childhood: antibody study.","volume":"114","author":"Hill","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/101\/3\/e8\/827066\/e8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/101\/3\/e8\/827066\/e8.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T05:33:01Z","timestamp":1682746381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/101\/3\/e8\/61934\/Prevalence-of-IgE-Mediated-Food-Allergy-Among"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.101.3.e8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]}}}