{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:23:44Z","timestamp":1793413424765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background.<\/jats:title>\n A household contact substudy was performed as part of a prospective, cohort pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design.<\/jats:title>\n Infants received four doses of either the Lederle\/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus toxoids (DTP) vaccine (DTaP) or Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine at 3, 4.5, 6, and 15 to 18 months of age (Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, NY). An open control group received three doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine (DT) at 3, 4.5, and 15 to 18 months of age. Vaccine efficacy rates were calculated using a number of principal and ancillary case definitions for primary, secondary, and noncases by analyzing secondary attack rates in study infants after exposure to pertussis in the household using 7- to 28- and 7- to 42-day postexposure observation periods and the inclusion and the exclusion of noncases who received macrolide antibiotics or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during the exposure period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n During a 3.5-year study period, 10\u2009271 infants (DTP or DTaP, n = 8532; DT, n = 1739) were enrolled and actively followed along with all household members for cough illnesses. Depending on the case definition, 160 to 519 household exposures to pertussis were identified. In general, secondary attack rates in DT recipients were low and this was primarily because of the frequent use of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Using the principal case definitions and the exclusion of noncases who received macrolide antibiotics or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during the exposure period and the 7- to 42-day observation period, the efficacy of DTP against cough illness of \u22657 days duration caused by Bordetella pertussis was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65\u201393) and that of DTaP was 58% (95% CI = 30\u201375). Using similar criteria, the efficacy against typical pertussis (\u226521 days of cough with either paroxysms, whoop, or posttussive vomiting) was 94% (95% CI = 77\u201399) and 86% (95% CI = 62\u201395) for DTP and DTaP, respectively. The efficacy against any cough illness (with or without) laboratory confirmation was 54% (95% CI = 32\u201369) and 38% (95% CI = 13\u201356) for DTP and DTaP, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n This household contact substudy within our cohort study, with active investigator-generated surveillance, was a severe test of vaccine efficacy. Both vaccines (DTP and DTaP) are better at preventing typical pertussis than mild illness. When case definitions similar to those in other recent trials are used, the Lederle\/Takeda vaccine has an efficacy similar to other multicomponent DTaP vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:44:32Z","timestamp":1092440672000},"page":"546-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Comparative Efficacy of the Lederle\/Takeda Acellular Pertussis Component DTP (DTaP) Vaccine and Lederle Whole-Cell Component DTP Vaccine in German Children After Household Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Heininger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik mit Poliklinik fu\u0308r Kinder und Jugendliche der Friedrich-Alexander-Universita\u0308t Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Erlangen, Germany; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and the UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Stehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik mit Poliklinik fu\u0308r Kinder und Jugendliche der Friedrich-Alexander-Universita\u0308t Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Erlangen, Germany; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Schmitt-Grohe\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik mit Poliklinik fu\u0308r Kinder und Jugendliche der Friedrich-Alexander-Universita\u0308t Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Erlangen, Germany; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"U\u0308berall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik mit Poliklinik fu\u0308r Kinder und Jugendliche der Friedrich-Alexander-Universita\u0308t Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Erlangen, Germany; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Laussucq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, New York; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eckhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, New York; the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Medizinische Statistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universita\u0308t Erlangen-Nu\u0308rnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Gornbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomathematics, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Pertussis Vaccine Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009341981400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.1","article-title":"A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle\/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine.","volume":"101","author":"Stehr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195109000-00011","article-title":"Whooping cough and its epidemiological anomalies.","volume":"222","author":"Gordon","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B3","first-page":"89","article-title":"Secondary familial attack rates from pertussis in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.","volume":"32","author":"Kendrick","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Hyg."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.5.866","article-title":"Reflections on the efficacy of pertussis vaccines.","volume":"9","author":"Fine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.635","article-title":"The efficacy of pertussis vaccines under conditions of household exposure. Further analysis of the 1978\u201380 PHLS\/ERL study in 21 area health authorities in England.","volume":"17","author":"Fine","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480200053023","article-title":"Efficacy of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in preschool children in the United States.","volume":"267","author":"Onorato","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199306000-00009","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of pertussis in the regions of a large vaccine efficacy trial in Germany.","volume":"12","author":"Heininger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199503000-00008","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction identification of Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinees and family members in a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany.","volume":"14","author":"Schla\u0308pfer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B9"},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82442-4","article-title":"Comparison of an acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 17- to 24-month-old children, with measurement of 69-kilodalton outer membrane protein antibody.","volume":"117","author":"Blumberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80727-9","article-title":"Comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants.","volume":"119","author":"Blumberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90014-0","article-title":"Comparative study of Lederle\/Takeda acellular and whole-cell pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants in Germany.","volume":"12","author":"Heininger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B13","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Field evaluation of vaccine efficacy.","volume":"63","author":"Orenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B14","first-page":"866","article-title":"Implications of different study designs for the evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccines.","volume":"89","author":"Fine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530250041024","article-title":"Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in early childhood after household exposure.","volume":"275","author":"Schmitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B16","first-page":"167","article-title":"Pertussis antibodies, protection, and vaccine efficacy after household exposure.","volume":"146","author":"Storsaeter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70234-8","article-title":"Efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis-toxoid vaccine after household exposure to pertussis.","volume":"130","author":"Trollfors","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B18","first-page":"175","article-title":"Factors influencing the analysis of secondary prevention of pertussis.","volume":"89","author":"Wirsing von Ko\u0308nig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B19","first-page":"899","article-title":"Protective efficacy of the Takeda acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids following household exposure of Japanese children.","volume":"144","author":"Mortimer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B20"},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00100-X","article-title":"A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal.","volume":"15","author":"Simondon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510193331604","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of a pertussis-toxoid vaccine.","volume":"333","author":"Trollfors","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340602","article-title":"A controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine.","volume":"334","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.5.1211","article-title":"Household contact study of Bordetella pertussis infections.","volume":"21","author":"Deen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601000-00051","article-title":"Erythromycin for treatment and prevention of pertussis.","volume":"5","author":"Bass","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B26","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prevention of secondary transmission of pertussis in households with early use of erythromycin.","volume":"146","author":"Sprauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJDC."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.434","article-title":"Evidence for a high attack rate and efficacy of erythromycin prophylaxis in a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled.","volume":"157","author":"Steketee","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.6.1134","article-title":"Risk factors for community- and household-acquired pertussis during a large-scale outbreak in central Wisconsin.","volume":"157","author":"Biellik","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199511000-00009","article-title":"Field effectiveness of erythromycin prophylaxis to prevent pertussis within families.","volume":"14","author":"De Serres","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B30","first-page":"175","article-title":"Factors influencing the analysis of secondary prevention of pertussis.","volume":"89","author":"Wirsing von Ko\u0308nig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B31"},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340601","article-title":"A controlled trial of two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis.","volume":"334","author":"Greco","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199704001-00456","article-title":"The effect of observer bias in pertussis vaccine efficacy trials.","volume":"41","author":"Cherry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"2021121009341981400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199704001-00004","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines: an analysis of recent trials.","volume":"16","author":"Cherry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/102\/3\/546\/887740\/546.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/102\/3\/546\/887740\/546.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T21:23:33Z","timestamp":1639171413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/102\/3\/546\/65955\/Comparative-Efficacy-of-the-Lederle-Takeda"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.102.3.546","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-4275","0031-4005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]}}}