{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:19:48Z","timestamp":1790713188907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective.<\/jats:title>\n The use of intrapartum antibiotics to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal (EOGBS) infection has left pediatricians in a quandary about the appropriate evaluation and treatment of infants at risk for this infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis changed the constellation and timing of onset of clinical signs of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in term infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants who had EOGBS infection and were born in Southern California Kaiser Permanente Hospitals from 1988 through 1996. Objective criteria were used to ascertain maternal risk of infection, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and onset of clinical signs of infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n Three hundred nineteen infants with EOGBS sepsis, bacteremia, or clinically suspected infection were identified from a population of 277\u2009912 live births. Of the 172 term infants with culture-positive infection who had clinical signs of infection, 95% exhibited them in the first 24 hours of life. All of the infants exposed to intrapartum antibiotics became ill within the first 24 hours of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n Exposure to antibiotics during labor did not change the clinical spectrum of disease or the onset of clinical signs of infection within 24 hours of birth for term infants with EOGBS infection. A 48-hour stay is not required to monitor asymptomatic term infants exposed to intrapartum antibiotics for onset of GBS infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T23:50:41Z","timestamp":1092441041000},"page":"244-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The Influence of Intrapartum Antibiotics on the Clinical Spectrum of Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Infection in Term Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Bromberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, San Diego Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics, San Diego Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana B.","family":"Petitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121003150058200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80604-3","article-title":"Group B streptococcal neonatal and infant infections.","volume":"44","author":"Franciosi","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80524-4","article-title":"Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates.","volume":"83","author":"Baker","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B3"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.497","article-title":"Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease in the United States: shifting paradigms.","volume":"11","author":"Schuchat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290380021019","article-title":"Ampicillin prevents intrapartum transmission of group B streptococcus.","volume":"241","author":"Yow","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B6","first-page":"697","article-title":"The effect of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis on the vertical transmission of group B streptococci.","volume":"138","author":"Easmon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000410380","article-title":"Strategies for chemoprophylaxis of GBS early-onset infections.","volume":"35","author":"Boyer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antibiot Chemother"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606263142603","article-title":"Prevention of early onset of group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis.","volume":"314","author":"Boyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B9"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B10","first-page":"583","article-title":"Prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease: intrapartum detection and chemoprophylaxis of heavily colonized parturients.","volume":"73","author":"Tupperainen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199011000-00010","article-title":"Management of asymptomatic, term gestation neonates born to mothers treated with intrapartum antibiotics.","volume":"9","author":"Wiswell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170330028005","article-title":"Impact of maternal group B streptococcal screening on pediatric management in full-term newborns.","volume":"150","author":"Peralta-Carcelen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2021121003150058200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90352-6","article-title":"Prenatal screening for group B Streptococcus. 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