{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:29:13Z","timestamp":1791354553529,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the outcome for all infants born before 26 weeks of gestation in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. This report is of survival and complications up until discharge from hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational study of all births between March 1, 1995 and December 31, 1995 from 20 to 25 weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4004 births were recorded, and 811 infants were admitted for intensive care. Overall survival was 39% (n = 314). Male sex, no reported chorioamnionitis, no antenatal steroids, persistent bradycardia at 5 minutes, hypothermia, and high Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score were all independently associated with death. Of the survivors, 17% had parenchymal cysts and\/or hydrocephalus, 14% received treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and 51% needed supplementary oxygen at the expected date of delivery. Failure to administer antenatal steroids and postnatal transfer for intensive care within 24 hours of birth were predictive of major scan abnormality; lower gestation was predictive of severe ROP, while being born to a black mother was protective. Being of lower gestation, male sex, tocolysis, low maternal age, neonatal hypothermia, a high CRIB score, and surfactant therapy were all predictive of oxygen dependency. Intensive care was provided in 137 units, only 8 of which had &amp;gt;5 survivors. There was no difference in survival between institutions when divided into quintiles based on their numbers of extremely preterm births or admissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides outcome data for this geographically defined cohort; survival and neonatal morbidity are consistent with previous data from the United Kingdom and facilitate comparison with other geographically based data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T19:50:41Z","timestamp":1092426641000},"page":"659-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":773,"title":["The EPICure Study: Outcomes to Discharge From Hospital for Infants Born at the Threshold of Viability"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Kate","family":"Costeloe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Child Health and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enid","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Marlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and the"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the EPICure Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121009261986700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7074.107","article-title":"Changing prognosis for babies of less than 28 weeks gestation in the north of England between 1983 and 1994.","volume":"314","author":"Tin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311253292201","article-title":"The limit of viability in neonatal\u2013neonatal outcome of infants born at 22 to 25 weeks gestation.","volume":"329","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70266-7","article-title":"Survival and follow-up of infants born at 23 to 26 weeks of gestational age: effects of surfactant therapy.","volume":"124","author":"Ferrara","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199604001-01637","article-title":"Has the 18 month outcome for extremely low gestational age (ELGA) infants of 23\u201326 weeks gestation improved?","volume":"39","author":"Ling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B5"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B6"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.12.900","article-title":"Measurement of the growth of the lateral ventricles in preterm infants with real-time ultrasound.","volume":"56","author":"Levene","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92296-6","article-title":"The CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) score: a tool for assessing initial neonatal risk and comparing performance of neonatal intensive care units.","volume":"342","author":"The International Neonatal Network","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09711.x","article-title":"Very preterm birth\u2014a regional study: maternal and obstetric factors.","volume":"103","author":"Hagan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2021121009261986700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09628.x","article-title":"Elective or selective Caesarean delivery of the small baby? 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